Theme Of Good And Evil By Harper Lee - 2401 Words

The book ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’ written by Harper Lee is known as a classic book that is extremely relevant in today’s society as it explores themes that are experienced today which, makes the novel timeless. This book is written through a child’s eye better known as Scout, however still keeping it in an adult’s perspective through the complex structure and storyline. ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’ is a deep explanation of the conflict that occurred between different people in the small city of Alabama, Maycomb in the early 1930 s. This time was mainly known as the ‘depression era’ where the black people experienced inequality from the white people. There was a clear connection between this era to the main themes expressed in this book which is certainly still relevant today. In the novel, Harper Lee effectively analyses the themes of racism, which were mainly experienced by the black people as they were discriminated against for their skin colour. The theme of good and evil were also clearly portrayed through the innocence and the evilness of the characters. This novel can relate to many problems experienced in today’s world with the support of the themes conveyed throughout. Racism is a central universal issue that is clearly conveyed throughout the novel, Harper Lee argues the harsh consequences that resulted from racism, which included stereotypes that were difficult to stop as they were well spread throughout the city of Maycomb. Many characters in the novel, especiallyShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreHow Does Harper Lee Portray the Themes of Innocence, Maturity and Growing Up in to Kill a Mockingbird ?1053 Words   |  5 PagesIn ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ written by Harper Lee, the author has used numerous different methods to portray the themes of innocence, maturity and growing up. These themes were put in so that the audience could become more empathetic towards the characters, especially the protagonists. She depicts these themes through characters, events, using symbolism, imagery and contrast located throughout the book. Firstly, Harper Lee shows the themes of innocence, maturity and growing up through the mainRead MoreThe Coexistence of Good and Evil642 Words   |  3 Pagesby Harper Lee is often associated with a various number of themes such as racism, social inequality, the importance of family values, and much more. But one of the more hidden messages of the book centers around the idea that there is a coexistence of good and evil. This theme is really brought to life the more the reader is able to understand the book. Through sub themes such as coming of age, perspective, and intense characterization of many important characters the idea of good and evil isRead MoreComparing The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affected by good aspects rather than deleterious behavior. In addition to both novels, â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† share the same concurrent theme. To Kill a Mockingbird and The Grapes of Wrath and â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† illustrate aRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 PagesMockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s central themes is the coexistenceRead MoreThematic Message: Good vs. Evil1546 Words   |  7 Pagesthe vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affected by good aspects rather than deleterious behavior. In addition to both novels, â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† share the same concurrent theme. To Kill a Mockingbird and The Grapes of Wrath and â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† illustrate aRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1413 Words   |  6 Pagesvagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people shou ld be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affected and influenced by good aspects rather than deleterious behavior. In addition to both novels, â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† share the same concurrent theme. To Kill a Mockingbird and The Grapes of Wrath and â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† illustrateRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee e ffectivelyRead MoreThe Influence of Setting in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird675 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is a story about injustice, racism and the co-existence of good and evil. These aspects are the result of plot development. In her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses setting to contribute to the development of the plot. Lee develops Maycomb, Alabama to be an old and prejudiced town. In the exposition of the novel, Jean Louise,(preferred to be called Scout) introduce Maycomb as a town where â€Å"nothing exciting happens†, although, throughout the novelRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences

Midterm Review Advanced Corporate Finance free essay sample

The questions will be similar to those in the homework and the review except that the possible solutions are not given. You can bring a formula sheet to the exam. Final Exams for Classes Meeting Tu-Th at 3:30pm Tuesday, May 19 11:30 AM 2:30 PM †¢ †¢ †¢ Chapter 11 1. Assume the U. S. government was to decide to increase its budget deficit. This will cause __________ to increase. A) interest rates B) the output of the economy C) both a and b D) neither a nor b 2. A big increase in government spending is an example of __________. A) a demand shock B) a supply shock C) an unsurprising shock D) none of the above If you expect a larger interest rate increase than other market participants do, you would A) buy long-term bonds B) buy short-term bonds C) buy long-term government bonds only D) buy short-term government bonds only Which of the following would not be considered a supply shock? A) a change in the price of imported oil B) frost damage to the orange crop C) a change in the level of education of the average worker D) an increase in the level of government spending A trough is __________. A) a transition from an expansion in the business cycle to the start of a contraction B) a transition from a contraction in the business cycle to the start of an expansion C) only something used by farmers to feed pigs and is not a term in investments D) none of the above 3. 4. 5. 6. The ___ stage of the business cycle would be a good time to invest in firms engaged in natural resource extraction and processing such as minerals and petroleum. A) Peak B) Contraction C) Trough D) Expansion __________ the ratio of the number of people classified as unemployed to the total labor force. . A) B) C) D) 8. The capacity utilization rate is The participation rate is The unemployment rate is None of the above are An analyst starts by examining the broad economic environment and then considers the implications of the outside environment on the industry in which the firm operates. Finally, the firms position within the industry is examined. This is called __________ analysis. A) bottom-up B) outs ide-inside C) top-down D) upside-down Chapter 12 9. __________ is defined as the present value of all cash proceeds to the investor in the stock. A) dividend payout ratio B) intrinsic value C) market capitalization rate D) plow-back ratio 10. __________ are analysts who use information concerning current and prospective profitability of a company to assess its fair market value. A) credit analysts B) fundamental analysts C) systems analysts D) technical analysts You wish to earn a return of 10% on each of two stocks, A and B. Each of the stocks is expected to pay a dividend of $4 in the upcoming year. The expected growth rate of dividends is 6% for stock A and 5% for stock B. Using the constant growth DDM, the intrinsic value of stock A __________. A) will be higher than the intrinsic value of stock B B) will be the same as the intrinsic value of stock B C) will be less than the intrinsic value of stock B D) more information is necessary to Answer this question 11. 12. The market capitalization rate on the stock of Aberdeen Wholesale Company is 10%. Its expected ROE is 12% and its expected EPS is $5. 00. If the firms plow- back ratio is 40%, its P/E ratio will be __________. A) 8. 33 B) 11. 54 C) 19. 23 D) 50. 00 13. Rose Hill Trading Company is expected to have EPS in the upcoming year of $6. 00. The expected ROE is 18. 0%. An appropriate required return on the stock is 14%. If the firm has a plowback ratio of 60%, its growth rate of dividends should be __________. A) 2. 5% B) 4. 0% C) 8. 4% D) 10. 8% 14. Grott and Perrin, Inc. has expected earnings of $3 per share for next year. The firms ROE is 20% and its earnings retention ratio is 70%. If the firms market capitalization rate is 15%, what is the present value of its growth opportunities? A) $20 B) $70 C) $90 D) $115 Cache Creek Manufacturing Company is expected to pay a dividend of $4. 20 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 8% per year. The riskfree rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate on the stock, and the constant growth DDM to determine the intrinsic value of the stock. The stock is trading in the market today at $84. 00. Using the constant growth DDM and the CAPM, the beta of the stock is __________. A) 1. 4 B) 0. 9 C) 0. 8 D) 0. 5 15. 16. Westsyde Tool Company is expected to pay a dividend of $2. 00 in the upcoming year. The risk-free rate of return is 6% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12%. Analysts expect the price of Westsyde Tool Company shares to be $29 a year from now. The beta of Westsyde Tool Companys stock is 1. 20. Using a one-period valuation model, the intrinsic value of Westsyde Tool Company stock today is __________. A) $24. 29 B) $27. 39 C) $31. 13 D) $34. 52 17. Ace Frisbee Corporation produces a good that is very mature in their product life cycles. Ace Frisbee Corporation is expected to pay a dividend in year 1 of $3. 00, a dividend in year 2 of $2. 00, and a dividend in year 3 of $1. 00. After year 3, dividends are expected to decline at the rate of 2% per year. An appropriate required return for the stock is 8%. Using the multistage DDM, the stock should be worth __________ today. A) $13. 06 B) $13. 38 C) $18. 25 D) $18. 78 18. A firm is expected to produce $3. 00 per share in earnings next year. If the firm plans to plow back 30% of those earnings at a reinvestment rate of 25%, what will be the expected growth in dividends? A) 7. 50% B) 15. 0% C) 25. 0% D) 30. 0% 19. Next years earnings are estimated to be $5. 00. The company plans to reinvest 20% of its earnings at 15%. If the cost of equity is 9%, what is the present value of growth opportunities? A) $9. 09 B) $10. 10 C) $11. 11 D) $12,21 20. Janet Ludlow’s firm requires all its analysts to use a two-stage DDM and the CAPM to value stocks. Using these measures, Ludlow has valued QuickBrush Company at $63 per share. She now must value SmileWhite Corporation. a. Calculate the required rate of return for SmileWhite using the information in the following table: (K) b. Ludlow estimates the following EPS and dividend growth rates for SmileWhite: (K) Estimate the intrinsic value of SmileWhite using the table above, and the twostage DDM. Dividends per share in 2007 were $1. 72. Chapter 13 21. Which of the following balance sheet items is not considered an asset? A) inventory B) accounts receivable C) accrued taxes D) All of the above are assets 22. A firm has a ROE of 20% and a market-to-book ratio of 2. 38. Its P/E ratio is __________. A) 8. 40 B) 11. 90 C) 17. 62 D) 47. 60 Use the following to answer questions 32-41: The financial statements of Shuswap Lake Manufacturing Company are given below. Note: The common shares are trading in the stock market for $160 each. 23. The firms current ratio for 2005 is __________. A) 0. 90 B) 1. 44 C) 1. 89 D) 2. 0 The firms leverage ratio for 2004 is __________. A) 0. 90 B) 1. 56 C) 1. 89 D) 3. 13 24. 25. The firms fixed asset turnover ratio for 2005 is __________. Please keep in mind that when a ratio involves both income statement and balance sheet numbers, the balance sheet numbers for the beginning and end of the year must be averaged. A) 3. 39 B) 3. 60 C) 6. 00 D) 12. 00 The firms asset turnover ratio for 2005 is_ _________. Please keep in mind that when a ratio involves both income statement and balance sheet numbers, the balance sheet numbers for the beginning and end of the year must be averaged. A) 0. 90 B) 1. 56 C) 1. 92 D) 2. 80 The net income of the company is $970. Taxes payable decrease by $120, depreciation is $85, and fixed assets are sold for $90. If the firms inventories also decline by $65, what is the total change in cash for the firm for all activities? A) Increase of $970 B) Increase of $1090 C) Decrease of $970 D) Decrease of $1090 A firm has an ROE of 3%, a debt/equity ratio of 0. 5, a tax rate of 40%, and the interest rate on its debt is 10%. Its ROA is __________. A) 4% B) 6% C) 6. 67% D) 7. 50% 26. 27. 28. 29. A firm purchases goods on credit worth $150. The same firm pays off $100 in old credit purchases. An investment is made via the purchase of a new facility and equity is issued in the amount of $300 to pay for the purchase. What is the change in net cash provided by operations? A) $50 increase B) $100 increase C) $150 increase D) $250 increase 30. What ratio will definitely increase when a firm increases its annual sales with no corresponding increase in assets? A) Asset turnover B) Current ratio C) Liquidity ratio D) Quick ratio 31. Alumbat Corporation has $800,000 of debt outstanding, and it pays an interest rate of 10 percent annually on its bank loan. Alumbats annual sales are $3,200,000; its average tax rate is 40 percent; and its net profit margin on sales is 6 percent. If the company does not maintain a TIE ratio of at least 4 times, its bank will refuse to renew its loan, and bankruptcy will result. What is Alumbats current TIE ratio? a. b. c. d. e. 2. 4 3. 4 3. 6 4. 0 5. 0 Chapter 19 32. The Dow theory proposes that several forces simultaneously affect stock prices. Which of the following is not one of these forces? a. the primary trend b. contrary trends c. intermediate trends d. minor trends 33. When a stocks market price breaks through its moving average line from below, a technical analyst interprets this as a(n) ______________. a. bullish signal b. bearish signal c. hold recommendation d. uncertain signal requiring confirmation 34. Technical analysts ______________. a. never incorporate fundamental information into their analysis b. do not deny the value of fundamental information c. believe that fundamental analysis must support their conclusions d. None of the above 35. A relatively low value of Barrons confidence index is a(n): a. bullish signal. . bearish signal. c. hold recommendation. d. uncertain signal requiring further confirmation. 36. When stock price falls below a support level, technical analysts interpret this as a(n): a. bullish signal. b. bearish signal. c. hold recommendation. d. uncertain signal requiring further confirmation. 37. If stock advances exceed declines by a wide margin, then technical analysts perceive the market as ______________. a. vulnera ble to a sell-off b. likely to remain stable c. stronger because of the widespread movement d. weaker because of the widespread movement 38. The ratio of the price of a particular security to a price index for its industry is referred to as the ______________. a. trin statistic b. primary trend c. breadth ratio d. relative strength 39. A high amount of short interest is typically considered as a __________ and contrarians may consider it as a _________. a. Bearish signal; bullish signal b. Bullish signal; bearish signal c. Bearish signal; false signal d. Bullish signal; false signal 40. The Dow Theory is a technique that attempts to identify ___________________. a. Only long-term trends in stock market prices b. Only short-term trends in stock market prices c. Both long-term and short-term trends in stock market prices d. Trends in arbitrage trading opportunities 41. A support level is ___________________. a. A level beyond which the market is unlikely to rise b. A level below which the market is unlikely to fall c. An equilibrium price level justified by characteristics such as earnings and cash flows d. The peak of a market wave or cycle 42. Technical analysts consider a decrease in the put/call ratio as __________. a. A bearish signal b. A bullish signal c. A trend reversal signal d. A signal to enter the options market 43. On day 1, the stock price of Ford was $81 and the automotive stock index was 324. On day 2, the stock price of Ford was $85 and the automotive stock index was 335. Consider the ratio of Ford to the automotive stock index at day 1 and day 2. Ford is __________ the automotive industry and technical analysts who follow relative strength would advise __________ the stock. a. Outperforming, buying b. Outperforming, selling c. Underperforming, buying d. Underperforming, selling 44. On a particular day, there were 890 stocks which advanced on the NYSE and 723 which declined.

THE POLITICS OF MY WAY Unlike The United States, With Its Generalissim

THE POLITICS OF MY WAY Unlike the United States, with its generalissimo politics-Washington, Jackson, Grant, Eisehower- the martial arts have been conspicuously absent from Canadian politics. But there in one exception: in 1968 Pierre Elliot Trudeau became the first Canadian leader to bring the gunslinger-Lone Ranger ethos to Canadian politics. Trudeau introduced to Canada the refined art of single combat; it was the politics of "Doing It My Way"-the politics of going my way or being left behind. Single-combat confrontation implied much mor than the loner or renegade in power, and far far less than the shaman black tricks of Mackenzie King. Trudeau was always far more the solo Philosopher King engaged in intellectual trial by combat than the Magus Merlin conjuring up solutions by puffs of smoke, sleight of hand or divine intervention. Ouijaboard politics was the occult domain of Mackenzie King, a man virtually devoid of policy, a political palm reader forever checking the wh ims and moods of his powerful baronial-Ralston Howe, St. Laurent-and sometimes Byronian colleagues to see how best he could placate them, or calm them, or Heap his beatitudes upon them. Trudeau, from day one , was always more samurai than shaman. Even in his pre- leadership days, Trudeau's love of trial by combat was predominant. Mackenzie King would have never touched the unholy trinity of divorce, abortion and homosexuality: each one of these issues is a sleeping dog best left to lie; each could only infuriate conservative Canada from coast to coast. Since King dared not touch them seriatim he certainly would not have touched them together-in an omnibus bill. This, Trudeau did joyously. The myths-makers have it at this was Trudeau's first deliberated joust, the kingship being the final prize. But Trudeau had no leadership aspirations at the time; all that he had, still has, was the love of combat for the sake of combat and religious scruples be damned. Trudeau the Catholic z ealot tackle divorce, abortion and homosexuality active Prime Minister in this country's history, liberated the homosexual practitioners of black acts totally abhorrent to him; ironically, in the process, Trudeau gave irrational Canada a pretext for branding him a homosexual too. P.E.T. has always hated the consensus building of Mackenzie King; even the populist following of a Diefenbaker was an anathema to Trudeau. The single-combat warrior "doing it my way" is always alone; he leads the people but is not of them; like the prophet he wanders either in dessert or lush green pastures and often, like the prophet, he watches his people march into the Promised Land without him. For Trudeau, being alone is to be free; victory is a consequence of solitude; companionship an act of weakness, cronyism even wise. It is ironic that Trudeau, a devout Jansenist Roman Catholic, emotionally and philosophically opposed to both divorce and abortion, should grant Canadians greatly expanded divo rce rights and their first right to legale abortion. Trudeau took the unholy trinity then disturbing the bedrooms of the nation because all three were trial combat, all three required one strong man to push them through. In this minefield Canada's political loner had walked alone and apparently loved it. Canada's other solo flyer, John Diefenbaker, may or may not have been a renegade in power, but the input his holitics received from Senate cronies and Kitchen cabinets was enormous. The letters and advice that daily poured in to the chief were a populist input that Diefenbaker slavishly adhered to. Trudeau was no Diefenbaker; he was neither a populist nor a renegade. Trudeau was simply a man who brilliantly massaged and manipulated others so that his single will appeared to be the will of many, so that his will be always done. The theme of my-way politics sheds much light on the vrai Trudeau, the Trudeau that is, rather than the Trudeau people think there is. Trudeau has ne ver been the privacy-demanding recluse, the reluctant leader that herdsmen of Canadian journalism insist he is. In secular life Trudeau is no trinitarian; he has chosen his oneness because, from the earliest politics, oneness worked for him so spectacular. Trudeau's personal handling of the constriction crisis was a "my way" all the way. Trudeau, the self- proclaimed socialist

Harvey Surname Meaning and Origin

Harvey Surname Meaning and Origin From the Breton first name Haerviu or Aeruiu, derived from the elements haer meaning battle or carnage and viu, meaning worthy. In general, it was used to refer to a soldier or someone who was battle worthy. Its also possible that the Harvey surname derives from the Old German personal name Herewig, from the elements hari army and wig war. Surname Origin: English, Scottish, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings: HARVIE, HARVE Genealogy Resources for the Surname HARVEY Common Surname Search TipsGet valuable tips and tricks for researching your HARVEY ancestors online. HARVEY Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Harvey ancestors around the world. Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Harvey surname. (Must create a free account to access) HARVEY Surname Mailing ListThis free mailing list for researchers of the Harvey surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Infant Death in Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Infant Death in Developing Countries - Essay Example People therefore, have the mandate of donating any amount of assistance which would later be transferred to areas of need by these non-governmental organizations (Semba, 2008, p 88). Connection of the world to become a global village has made it possible for people to interact with each other and help each other. Each person has a mandate of ensuring that all people either in developing or developed countries enjoy their stay in the world. This is through giving out the sharing the little that one has in order to save the life of another one. The people are connected by one spirit of being humans (Semba 2008, p.90). It is therefore, responsibility of each person to ensure that the no one is starving when one has the ability to help. When each person takes the mandate of helping the starving children, it would be possible to eradicate hunger in earth making it possible for each person to enjoy life. In conclusion, it is the mandate of each person to ensure that starving images of children in developing countries are eliminated completely. This is through sharing the little that a person have with the rest of the

Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Methods - Essay Example This implores into the reader’s imagination. For example, she characterizes the puffins with phrases such as â€Å"clownish faces†, â€Å"waddling walk†, â€Å"chubby-dumpling bodies†, and â€Å"fluffy chicks†. This, she describes using a sense of humor to draw the reader (Nijhuis 1). The writer also uses definition in her essay, though not much of it. At the same time, the definition method used is emotional. For example, the statements â€Å"puffins are adorable† and â€Å"seabirds are social creatures† try to spark some emotion in the reader. Therefore, the element of definition plays a significant role in drawing the readers (Nijhuis 2). Also, the writer uses the element of classification in her essay when she talks about some types of birds. For instance, she uses the phrases â€Å"predatory gulls† and â€Å"terns†. By explaining the relationship between the various aspects and the puffins, the writer ensures that th e essay covers everything and that the reader does not get

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Between the years of 1787 and 1788, a debate arose over the constitution in the state legislatures along with a debate raged in newspapers and pamphlets throughout America’s thirteen colonies following the Constitutional Convention. There were two sides of this debate that felt towards the constitution in a total opposite way as each other. These two sides were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists defended the constitution while Anti-Federalists opposed it. Most people that were a part of the Federalists were well educated and propertied class. Most of these people lived in settled areas along the seaboard. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective and that national government needed to be strong in order to function. Foreign policy powers needed to be strengthened while excesses at home needed to be controlled. They believed that strong national government needed to control uncooperative states and that those men of experience and talent should govern that nation. The national government should have all control, along with protecting the rights of the people. They wanted the constitution of state governments to protect individual freedoms without bill of rights. Federalists were in favor of establishing the constitution with almost any means possible and they were more sympathetic to separation of church and state. Anti-Federalists were mostly states’ rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper money advocates. In general, the Anti-Federalists were the poorer classes of society. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were a good plan for the nation, and they opposed strong central government, believing that it threatened the rights of the common people. To Anti-Federalists, the constitution was created by aristocratic elements and they suspected it was a plot to suppress liberty of the masses. They also opposed a standing army and the constitution. They believed the constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power, because the constitution opposed the drawing of annual elections for representatives. Without this method, only the rich picked the rich representatives, who, in turn, favored the rich people in their decisions. The constitution also lacked a bill of rights by being able to override the bills of rights created by state governments. They also argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, since the Articles of Confederation required unanimous consent. Anti-Federalists opposed omitting any reference to God and therefore, the law should go with the laws of God.