Comparison Of Two Films Essay - 1268 Words

In that paper, I will try to compare two films which are â€Å"A Birth of a Nation† directed by D.W.Griffith and â€Å"The Bicycle Thieves† directed by De Sica. After giving the story of the films, I will try to explain their technical features and their similarities. A Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griffith can be seen as the first modern director, his greatest achievements being the historical epics The Birth Of A Nation. When it was released, it was one of the longest films ever made, over three hours in length. The prologue depicts the introduction of slavery to America in the seventeenth century and the beginnings of the abolitionist movement. The major part of the film depicts the events before, during†¦show more content†¦The mainstream picture was probably the best advertisement that the KU KLUX KLAN could have had. The vilifying of blacks also led to the Jim Crow system. When it was portrayed in this movie as acceptable, people in the South felt much better about doing horrible deeds to black citizens, denying blacks their civil rights Though the portrayal of both blacks and the KU KLUX KLAN were extremely off track, the movie itself was an amazing work of cinema for its time. This was probably the first movie to use hundreds of extra in a battle scene. These scenes were well crafted by the filmmaker, and while not to the perfection of more modern films such as Braveheart, the technology and genius that the filmmaker used rival such films. To think that the movie was released only fifty years after the end of the Civil War makes the feat seem even more incredible. In seeing the huge battles, I did not need sound to hear the sounds of battle in my imagination. It would have been incredible if the movie had been made in the era where sound came into movies. Griffith deployed all the technical experiments of his previous movies for maximum visceral effect, along with a prepared score mixing classical music and folk tunes. With expressive close-ups, including cross-cutting, multiple camera positions, inter-titles long shots, irises and superimposition,Show MoreRelatedComparison of Two Films: Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesI will try to compare two films which are A Birth of a Nation directed by D.W.Griffith and The Bicycle Thieves directed by De Sica. After giving the story of the films, I will try to explain their technical features and their similarities. A Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith Griffith can be seen as the first modern director, his greatest achievements being the historical epics The Birth Of A Nation. When it was released, it was one of the longest films ever made, over threeRead MoreA Comparison of the Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet1789 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of the Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet I have been studying the prologue to Romeo and Juliet written by the magnificent playwright, William Shakespeare sometime between 1594 and 1596. Still globally acknowledgedRead MoreA Comparison of Two Film Adaptations of Hamlet Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagesfeel the music has already given the film. The first scene gives a little comic relief when the guards become confused after seeing the ghost. When the camera enters the looming castle a celebration is being had and is abruptly interrupted by the mysterious Hamlet. The real life of the play starts to be seen upon Hamlets entrance; Hamlets costume and character are very bold and start to add to the impact of the setting, costume, and gestures throughout the film. Roger Ebert thinks alike: The cameraRead MoreComparison of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was made into a film by two different directors. Baz Luhrmann’s to Franco Zeffirelli’s interpretation of Romeo and Juliet were very distinct and they both appeal to different age group audiences. Franco Zeffirelli’s version was the first film of Romeo and Juliet. It was produced in 1968 and it was quiet typical, exactly what the audience would have expected the film of ‘RomeoRead MoreA Comparison of Film Techniques of Two Film Versions of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1861 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Film Techniques of Two Film Versions of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Mary Shelley wrote her novel Frankenstein when she was just a young girl of nineteen. She wrote it in 1816, when she went on holiday with her friend, Byron. Byron was already a famous poet, and it was him who suggested that whilst they were away, they should both write a ghost story. At the time it was just a way of passing time and having fun for Mary Shelley, but little did she know thatRead MoreA Comparison of the Establishment of Genre and Narrative in Two Crime Films2370 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of the Establishment of Genre and Narrative in Two Crime Films In this essay I will compare how genre and narrative are established in 2 crime films. The main iconography of this genre is fairly easy to identify; props such as guns, latex gloves, sirens, rain are used frequently in Hollywood crime films such as Se7en (1995). The conventions of this genre are also fairly easy to recognise: detectives with long trench coats, the killer being the least likely Read More Comparison of Two Films About King Arthur Essay3985 Words   |  16 Pagescountless interpretations and adaptations. Today, we not only have countless Arthurian books, but many movies on the subject as well. In this paper I hope to compare and contrast two such Arthurian movies, Excalibur and King Arthur, and discuss what each film adds to the treasury of Arthurian lore. It is hard to believe that two completely opposite movies are based on the same literature. The movie Excalibur is like a modern day Morte dArthur, while the more recent King Arthur differs greatly from allRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Two Film Openings to Great Expectations1356 Words   |  6 PagesA Comparison of Two Film Openings to Great Expectations The story Great Expectations is based in Victorian times and was written by Charles Dickens in the 1860s. This novel which Charles Dickens wrote has been produced as a film one version by David Lean and another by B.B.C. The B.B.C version is the modern version and the version produced by David Lean is the traditional version. I will be comparing these two versions of the openings to Great Expectations. TheseRead MoreA Comparison of Two Film Trailers: Lord of the Rings Return of the King and The Gladiator1502 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Two Film Trailers: Lord of the Rings Return of the King and The Gladiator In this coursework, I will be comparing two different film trailers, â€Å"Lord of the rings _ the return of the king† and the â€Å"Gladiator†. Film trailers are promos designed by the film industry to attract the viewer’s attention towards a specific film. They are usually compiled of interesting and short clips of the film, usually leaving the viewers with a cliffhanger. This increasesRead MoreThe Breakfast Club : A Perfect Source For The Study Of Communication Theory1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe film, â€Å"The Breakfast Club† is a perfect source for the study of communication theory. It possesses the potential for numerous conversations regarding theories that even the most basic scholar of communication could discuss. For example, there are countless displays of symbolic convergence, symbolic interactionism, relational dialectics, cathartic scenes, identification, and social comparison. When viewing this movie it is hard to ignore these theories being put into practice. They constitute

Is The Movie Thirteen Days History or Entertainment

The movie Thirteen Days is 2000 docudrama and is directed by Roger Donaldson who is Australian and tries to portray the film in a serious manor. The movie is based on the 13 days of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and shows the perspective of the US political leadership, specifically Special Assistant to the president Kenny O’Donnell, President John F. Kennedy and the Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. This film is not based on the book of the same name written by Robert F. Kennedy like the first docudrama film about the Cuban Missile Crisis, The Missiles of October; this film was meticulously researched and was based on The Kennedy Tapes: inside the white house during the Cuban Missile Crisis which was written by Ernest May and Phillip†¦show more content†¦Benjamin Svetkey asked Kevin Costner about John F. Kennedy’s first words were when he heard about the missiles in Cuba apparently he said were â€Å"F---ed again† and Costner explained that not everything could be one hundred percentage historically accurate due to age ratings of the film. This makes less historical and more entertainment, this shows that the film is being made for entertainment purposes because they are changing the film to increase the audience size. Thirteen Days has more historical inaccuracies when it comes to the Kennedys. This is because the film makes the Kennedys look iconic with the black and white scenes and through portraying them as the good guys through the whole film and having the military advisors seem like the bad guys. This film shows Robert F. Kennedy taking a more front seat role then he actually did. Thirteen Days may portray the Kennedys like this, but throughout the whole of John F. Kennedy’s presidency he always needed extensive medical treatment and this was the same through the Cuban Missile Crisis as well, ‘The Travell records show that during the 13 days in October of 1962.... Kennedy took his usual doses of anti-Spasmodics to control his colitis, antibiotics for a flare-up of his urinary-tract problem and a bout of sinusitis.’ The film does not highlight Kennedy need for this medication to be able to function and deal with the crisis. Kevin Costner playsShow MoreRelatedDo Not Use The Library And / Or Research Databases?1200 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is your favorite work of art (broadly defined, you can pick a painting, a song, a sculpture, a movie, a poem, a book, etc.)? Tip: It is much easier to find references and sources on well-known works of art. Complete the following section on your favorite work of art. Use the library and/or research databases in order to find two additional sources to answer the following questions. Do not use internet sources. You are required to cite/quote your two sources below and include the reference infoRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Hollywood1744 Words   |  7 Pagespost-war years when many directors employ the visual style of the long take shot procedure, more movies adopted the stance of faster and flashier editing processes with the use of shorter shot takes (Thompson and Bordwell 476). This is reflected in the movie, The Graduate (1967) directed by Mike Nichols. In here, Mike Nichols introduces the need for wordless scenes (often montage sequences) that are also backed by pop songs that are relatable to the youthful audiences back in that era. Faster cuts andRead MoreEssay on How Did American Culture Change During the Jazz Age?1140 Words   |  5 PagesDance was changing rapidly and new styles of dances were being created. Women began to wear shorter clothes, cut their hair, and some even had jobs, while the Flapper girls gave other young women an outlook of freedom. People began to go see films and movie stars became famous worldwide. During the Jazz Age, American culture was changing and Americans were becoming more finically affluent. Dancing skyrocketed during the 1920s. Many styles of dance that were created before the era did not become popularRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Good Lie1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Good Lie Movie Analysis The good lie is a movie about a refugee family from war ridden Sudan. They begin as children trying to fight for their lives on the way to safety, losing a brother along the way to a group of soldiers. When they finally reach the refugee camp they find: a safe place to stay, warm food, and new clothes. Shortly after their arrival they lose yet another brother. They patiently wait for a plane ticket out of Sudan, and after thirteen long years, they get their chance. TheyRead MoreDolly Parton : The World As One Of The Most Sought After Country Music Industry1715 Words   |  7 Pages Dolly Parton is known to the world as one of the most sought after country music stars in the entertainment industry. Everyone just loves Dolly. She has been in the entertainment business for a long time and seems to be enjoying herself and her success. She is a world-renowned singer/songwriter/musician, she’s an actress, writer and an entrepreneur who is part owner of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge , Tennessee. Today, she has thousands of dollars to her name, but things weren’t always this simpleRead MoreThe Film Atonement By Ian Mcewan1335 Words   |  6 Pagesunfortunately he grabs the erotic letter and places it into the envelope by mistake. He walks to the Tallis family home and stumbles upon Briony and ask her to hand the letter to Cecilia, still not knowing what letter is contained inside the envelope. 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We use them at work, school and for entertainment. E-mails from your boss, write a paper for school, or play the latest games. In fact, even the most technologically illiterate person can run a personal computer. This was not the case in the early days of Microsoft, IBM, Apple and other technological innovators. In 1975 Bill Gates and a man named Paul Allen had the idea to form a small partnership they called â€Å"Microsoft† with theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Blackfish 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesdirector of Blackfish, has directed, written, and produced documentaries for fifteen years. This documentary is one of the highest grossing documentaries of all time. She has written for ESPN, National Geographic, Animal Planet, and the Discovery and History Channel. From this, one can see that her work mainly revolves around animals. Some of her other documentaries have focused on the struggles of children in difficult situations in the inner city and war-torn regions. She lives in Los Angeles withRead MoreEdward R Murrow Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesEdward R. Murrow was the most influential figure in the history of broadcast journalism. Egbert Roscoe Murrow was born on April 25th, 1908 on a small farm in Polecat Creek, North Carolina, which is located near Greensboro, North Caroli na. His family moved to a small town near the Canadian border in Washington State when he was six years old. When he was in high school, he changed his name to the now iconic Edward R. Murrow. (Bernstein 40) I found that Mr. Murrow had three utmost important topics

Memorable Middle School Experiences Essay Example For Students

Memorable Middle School Experiences Essay In this project assignment, I will be sharing my experiences that I went through during my middle school days. Being the eldest and going through puberty was the hardest. Dealing with self-concept and even more, self-esteem through the response of family and friends can be a little discomforting. Also reflecting on what and how some factors helped me shape my academic skills during those moments. I will also be describing the type of crowds that I would hang out with, if there were labels for the cliques and if there was a rule in being part of the group. My experience throughout puberty was challenging. The only reason was that I was the eldest of four kids. I had experienced everything on my own and followed the advice I got from my mom and friends. I had my period when I was a sixth grader on a school day and good thing that it happened during the evening. I will admit it; I was scared when that happened to me. Through my physical and maturation, I had my mom help me out because just like any other dad, he would tell me to ask my mom. I had friends that learned about puberty from what their older siblings experienced. My mom had me well prepared for what was to come when puberty hit. I went from training bras to regular bras, and had my own razor. Having my family and the type of friends I had, my self-concept was high but lacked a bit of self-esteem. Although my mom was there to tell me I was beautiful, I did not believe her. However, I did believe her when she said I was a smart girl. Being smart and strong was my self-concept. Even through puberty, there were a couple of boys that had something to say about girl’s breast growth. Listening to their conversation was making me compare myself to the other girls. There were parts of my body that I did not like at all. Most girls were fully developed from there chest and I was still waiting on mine. It seemed like forever to get my body to get rid of some the baby fat. My mind was not always focused on my appearance, there was school assignments and studying that kept me busy. I believe that my family had a huge impact on my academic skills. As I mentioned earlier, being the older sister I had to set an example. My mom also informed me that if I were to go to college and finish school I would be the first in her side of the family. After graduating high school my aunts married and my uncles went to join the military. As for my cousins, they found it easier to work but some have tried to attempt going to college. My dad’s side of the family is small but I do have an uncle and a cousin that did finish college. The environment in my family and friends surrounded me was very positive and made me feel that I can achieve anything I put my mind too. In high school, I had friends who helped me understand what scholarships were. My parents failed to inform me about how much it would help me out in the future. I had all types of friends in high school, from valedictorian, all athletes, band members, etc. They all had a different view from achieving their goals in life, which all their perspectives were really positive and affecting. Now in middle school it was a total different aspect. Most friends were just thinking about hanging out and some did not take school seriously. As a sixth grader, there were rumors about a few eighth graders getting into drugs. It was shocking and scary to learn that classmates were getting into that type of situations. There was a moment when I was offered an ecstasy pill in the girls bathroom but I turned down that deal went on my way. I did not let that situation get in the way of my studies. My parents were very influential on my class work as well as my homework. They made sure that my siblings and I were at the dining table doing our homework. Going over our homework and double-checking it was my most memorable moment. .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .postImageUrl , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:hover , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:visited , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:active { border:0!important; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:active , .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28 .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7756a21c2e50d8871520d98244be1a28:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Informative Speech Caffeine EssayHearing my parents say that I was done with my homework and had no mistakes was the highlight of the day. In middle school, I did not have a certain type of crowd or clique that I joined. I was just a regular kid hanging out with regular friends. Some of those friends I knew from my elementary school to new friends I met from my classes. In my 7th grade year, I remember a certain group of girls that called themselves The Looney Tunes. As I am thinking about, I find it funny. The only reason they called each other that was because they gave each other a nickname. For example, there was la tweety, la taz, and other certain Looney tunes character. That is the only group I remember because some of those girls I knew from class. Sometimes I would hang out with boys because they always had something funny to say. They would joke around a lot and werent too caught on the gossip as the girls would. Some groups in middle school were considered to be gangs because their rule for acceptance was getting beat up. The same rule applied to the girls. Most of the initiating to the gang was after school at a certain spot. Now in high school, it seemed that the groups or gangs had been separated. Most had joined an after school activity. So the only groups that were made was the type of sport you played, band, the four H club, automotive, etc. I dont believe that there was any names or labels given to a group. I had joined the girls basketball team but I would hang out my classmates. I did not belong to a certain group, I was mostly a floater. I would go from group to group. There were not any rules for acceptance in a group, except that they have your friendship.

Manage Finance Portfolio of Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Manage Finance Portfolio of Evidence. Answer: Portfolio of Evidence Financial management software would you recommend For each and every business organization, accounting or financial system is required to be managed so as to lead better management of business operations. In this regards there are various financial management software that business organization or management of Club Train can use. MYOB (Mind Your Own Business) is one of the popular and useful financial management software that can be used by management of Club Train for financial management. MYOB software provides accounting, taxation, payroll and many other accounting services to small scale business organization. MYOB can manage payroll, stock control, Australian taxation matters and book keeping of Club Train. Manage risks of misappropriation of funds Risks of misappropriation of funds are the risk that business organization shall manage in order to run their business smoothly and reliably. Misappropriation of funds can take place in day to day operations while dealing with customers, managing cash and using resources of business organization. In case of Club Train, management shall develop strong internal control system which ensures checking of ones work at next level of operation [1]. Accountant of Club Train shall ensure that cash register balance shall be tallied with physical cash balance. Cameras and stock takes shall be placed to ensure that there will be no theft of funds. Ensure systems are in place to record all transactions In order to ensure that systems are in place to record all transactions, there shall be strong internal control on various sections of business operations. Management of Club Train shall use double entry accounting or bookkeeping system under which dual impact of one transaction can be analysed. In order to ensure all banking transactions are recorded, management of Club Train shall use bank reconciliation system under which bank transactions are tallied with bank pass book. Internal check shall be implemented while undertaking business operations by delegating responsibilities to ensure recording of all transactions [2]. Maintain an audit trail and comply with due diligence Audit trail is process of maintaining documents from start point of transaction till its completion. Financial transactions of Club Train should have some input document or source document so that initial point of transaction can be determined. Source document shall be authorised and legal. All the records shall be kept at safe secure and in systematic manner by management of Club Train. Management of Club Train shall ensure invoice number and dates are mentioned in journal. Ledgers shall have journal number and dates in it. Elements of financial probity Financial probity can be defined as the clear and fair process that ensures equitable process of business transaction. In order to ensure financial probity management of Club Train shall ensure transparent and accountable audit trail. Each employee can be identified that has conducted misappropriate can be identified [3]. There shall be fair and equitable process in Club Train and potential liabilities shall be minimised from complex and long process. 5 principles of accounting Dual aspect- This principle ensures that every transaction shall have dual impact on assets, liabilities or equity of the business organisation. Realization principle- As per this principle, all expenses and liabilities shall be realized as and when they occur and on the other hand all profits and incomes shall be realized when cash is received. Consistency- According to this principle, one any method is followed then it shall be maintained during lifetime of Club Train and can only be changed on some strong and legal grounds[4]. Materiality- All material transactions involve substantial amount shall be recorded and presented. Matching- Transactions and decisions of business organisation shall match with its financial statements or records. Explain Australian and international legislation and conventions that are relevant to financial management in the organisation Australian Accounting standards or International Financial Reporting Standards are most important international legislation that is required in recording and presenting financial statements [5]. Provisions defined by Australian Commonwealth government and Australian Securities and Investment law are created by government and their provisions are relevant for financial management for Club Train. Link to the Australian Tax Office relating to businesses tax obligations. https://www.ato.gov.au/A-Z-index/AZItems.aspx?sorttype=AZIndexmarketsegment=Business [6] Goods and Services Tax- GST is impost of goods and services provided or received during the financial year. GST is charged @ 10 % on goods and services. Basic food and drinks are some GST free goods and education, medical and finance is some GST free services [7]. Club Train and other business organisations are required to present business activity statement in front of ATO in order to filing GST return and paying taxes [8]. Company Tax- Company tax is payable by companies only whether public company or private company. Company tax is charged @ 30 % flat on all companies except those companies having title of small business. Companies having revenue of less than 2 million are considered as small business and company tax is 28.50 %. Pay As You Go (withholding) - These are tax which is deducted by employer from the salary of employee as earned by employee and paid by employer. PAYG is progressive tax system which starts beyond the income level of $ 18,000. Employer (Club Train) is liable to send money deducted from employees pay to ATO and shall report Business Activity statement [9]. Process of communicating with other stakeholders the following information Reporting on financial activity and making recommendations- Management of Club Train can communicate with different stakeholders related to financial activities. To communicate financial reports financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and statement of change in equity) shall be used. To communicate with government, business activity statement shall be used. Meetings with key stakeholders shall be conducted by management of Club Train to ensure proper communication. Identifying and prioritising significant issues- Budgets can be used to ensure effective communication to order to identify and prioritise significant issue in Club Train operations. Priority shall be assigned to issues in terms of their impact of business operations and on its objectives. Ensuring managers and supervisors are clear about budgets- Meetings and briefings shall be undertaken to ensure clarity regarding budgets. Training and drills shall be undertaken by management of Club Train to ensure clarity about budgets. References Dimitrijevic, D., Milovanovic, V., Stancic, V. (2015). The role of a company's internal control system in fraud prevention. E-Finanse, 11(3), 34-44. Michelon, G., Bozzolan, S., Beretta, S. (2015). Board monitoring and internal control system disclosure in different regulatory environments. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 16(1), 138-164. Rebecca Moore. (2016). Key Elements of Financial Wellness. Planadviser, Planadviser, 2016. Cory, S. (2010). Principles of Accounting. Issues in Accounting Education, 25(2), 347-348. Chalmers, K., Clinch, G., Godfrey, J. (2011). Changes in value relevance of accounting information upon IFRS adoption: Evidence from Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 36(2), 151-173. https://www.ato.gov.au/A-index/AZItems.aspx?sorttype=AZIndexmarketsegment=Business Garner, S., Ng, K., Learning Essentials. (2006). Accounting for the GST in small business case studies of accounting issues. Bendigo, Vic.]: Learning Essentials. Goods and services tax. (2016, June 14). Mena Report, p. Mena Report, June 14, 2016. Smith, K. (2013). Tax Guide. Charter, 84(4), 52-53. Dimitrijevic, Internal control system in fraud prevention, 34-44 G. Michelon, Internal control system disclosure, 138-164 Rebecca, Elements of Financial Wellness, 2016 S. Cory, Principles of Accounting, 347-348 K. Chalmers, Relevance of accounting information, 151-173 https://www.ato.gov.au/A-index/AZItems.aspx?sorttype=AZIndexmarketsegment=Business S. Garner, Accounting for the GST, 2006 Goods and services tax, Mena Report, 2016 K. Smith, Tax Guide, 2013, 52-53

36 Words and Phrases to Connect with Your Australian Audience

By: Chris Reid, Account Manager With Australia Day here, we thought it would be a good idea to take a moment to figure out what the heck those Aussies are saying! While researching this piece I realized that a few seemingly harmless phrases in North American English have some pretty, let’s say unfortunate, translations down under. We’ve compiled a list of hard-to-decipher and easily confusing Australian words and phrases to keep you out of trouble, and to connect you better with your Aussie readers and friends. Words and phrases that make you go hmmmmm†¦.? The following is a list of commonly used words and phrases that could lead to a difficult conversation about some pretty simple topics. However, if used correctly, these terms could help you sound like a local and develop better relationships with your Aussie friends. Arvo = Afternoon Bathers = swim suit Bloody oath = that’s the truth Boozer = pub Bush telly = campfire Blow in = uninvited party guest Bonnet = hood of a car Capsicum = red, green, yellow or orange peppers Chippy = Carpenter Chook = Chicken Chrissy = Christmas Chuck a sickie = Call in sick to work Chuck a U’e = make a U-turn Crook = to be sick Cuppa = a hot drink Esky = drink or food cooler Flat out = busy Flat white = latte Good on ya = good job How ya going? = how are you doing? Knackered = tired Mozzies = mosquitoes Nappies = diapers No worries mate = it’s all good Pash = a passionate kiss Petrol = gas for a vehicle Pokies = poker machines Reckon = to think or assume Rock up = to arrive Sanger = sandwich Schooner = 16oz beer glass Servo = gas station Stubbie = Bottle of beer Sunnies = Sunglasses Ta = thanks Whinge = complain or whine Words to use with caution: Barbie: This one can cause quite a confusion when a grown man talks about how much he loves his Barbie. But all is righted when he cooks you the most delicious kanga-bangers (kangaroo sausages) on his Barbie (barbeque). Boot: When someone asks you to throw it in your boot, they don’t generally expect you to walk around with something in your shoe. A boot, is the trunk of a car. Dead Horse: When eating at a restaurant, if someone asks you to pass them the dead horse, don’t run off just yet. What they mean is â€Å"could you please pass the ketchup?† Thong: Down under they refer to thongs as sandals, which you put on your feet. Spewin’: To say someone is spewing does not mean they are being sick. Instead, it means they are very, very angry. You’re on your way to creating Ripper (really great) Aussie content: With all this Fair Dinkum (genuine) knowledge you should be all set to Aussie it up with the best of them and avoid making a Barry (mistake). Just remember: she’ll be right mate! Ta!

Environmental Formces Impacts on Greggs Essays

Environmental Formces Impacts on Greggs Essays Environmental Formces Impacts on Greggs Paper Environmental Formces Impacts on Greggs Paper Also in 1 994 Gregg acquired 424 bakers oven shops which enabled Gregg to have an in store bakery this enabled them to put Gregg shops in built up busy areas and Bakers oven shops in smaller previously untouched areas with a lower population as the shops could bake what is needed for demand. Gregg offers take outs so it can be a quick and easy visit to the store whilst bakers oven offers seating and works similar to a restaurant for people on the move wanting a seat and something to eat. Gregg competes with all bakery chains and food outlets as ell as coffee shops to gain customers as Gregg relies on people needing food so they must make their products affordable and of high quality in able to ensure that customers will choose their products rather than other food retailers. Gregg has also set the standard for other bakery chains by expanding outside of the UK with two shops in Belgium and plans for many more shops in Europe making them the first British bakery chain to attempt and expansion outside of the ASK. In 2008 the global bakery products market is estimated to have been worth SIS$275 billion making it a very profitable market which is ever increasing. The forces talked about earlier are environmental forces, which are made up of the macro and micro environment, macro environment is uncontrollable external factors to the business, which consists of political, economic, social, technological, legal and CEO environmental factors. The micro environment is made up of stakeholders and how their ideas and demands affect how the business operates. For the purpose of this essay will concentrate on the macro environmental forces in the form of a Pestle analysis. Gregg is British bakery chain which operates mainly in the LIKE with at least 1 500 shops, the overspent in the UK is classed as stable so this is of benefit to Gregg as it does not have to keep changing because of an unstable government making changes to laws and legislations or with a shift of power between parties battling to gain power. Political factors affecting Gregg consist of health and safety regulations for employees which means that Gregg must operate in a safe way in order to prevent any injuries to staff or customers. All businesses must take great interest in health and safety but Gregg being a bakery chain that sell food products must pay extra attention to health and safety as a cut loud contaminate products and cause waste. Staff members must be careful while working to ensure there are fire exits accessible and the floors are clear of obstruction along with suitable oven cleaning equipment and personal protective equipment. Gregg must adhere to food hygiene legislation set forth by the government such as the HACK to ensure that no cross contamination has occurred and no bodily fluids or pathogens have come into contact with the food which could cause harm to a customer through food poisoning. Also any plasters worn must be blue in color and waterproof o if it comes off in the baking process and comes into contact with any of the bread mixes or pastry mixes it is easily identified and taken out preventing contamination through blood etc. Therefore all food must be of optimum quality and not posing a risk to consumers health and wellbeing by being unhygienic or uncooked. This brings me onto my next point of food safety legislations that state that meat products must be cooked to achieve a temperature of degrees also legislation to do with hot holding foods and how long food can be hot held. Another political factor is the minimum wage s the government and not Gregg sets the minimum wage it expects Gregg to pay its workers, this can pose threats to some bakery chains as the pay rate for people over 21 is E. 8 and usually there are a few people in the stores working for a few hours so this is going to eat away at the profits and smaller stores will be the worst affected however it will affect the likes of Gregg as well through eating profits. Gregg must also adhere to public holidays by not opening up on days that are specified to enable workers to have a day off, the government sets the public holidays and the business es must adhere. Gregg stated that the 2 extra public holidays in 2011 had cost the business E million in profit. The government in the UK may be classed as stable but the economy of the UK like so other many countries is in ruin, but has this had an adverse effect on Gregg? At the Start of the recession in 2008 Gregg pre-tax profits were EYE. 2 million up from EYE million in 2007 which was just before the start of the recession. Was this rise in profits a freak anomaly? No, Gregg is making steady progress year on year throughout the recession with pre-tax profits in 2009 of EYE. Million and 2010 EYE. 2 million especially. This goes to show that the recession has actually helped Gregg as a business with people cash strapped and in need of food the delicacy of a reasonably priced pasty seems to have been first port of call. However the recession has affected people all over the UK and in 201 1 the London riots showed just how bad it was with 19 shops being forced to closed whilst one shop was looted and another set on fire in Peacock. The London riots also badly disrupted the Gregg delivery vehicles through prevention of access to stores and damage to vehicles. This has ultimately caused damage to profits Of roughly El . 2 million as profits dropped. The London riots were one Of few social impacts that affected Gregg in 2011 along with recession which as I have already said saw Gregg prosper with profits rising, this was due to Gregg selling cheap, quality food in readily available areas to attract customers. Gregg, like all businesses cares about its consumer perception, this has led to the creation of 1 50 breakfast clubs in primary schools which aim to give school children a free nutritional breakfast which is provided by Gregg. This scheme also gets parents and careers in on the action as they can lunette to serve up the food after the delivery of food is made to the schools this will give Gregg a better consumer perception. The breakfast club scheme has been running since 2000 and will continue to run and expand to include more schools. Gregg also recognizes that where its shops are located will determine the sales outcome, so it has opened stores in student friendly areas in towns and indeed in some university campuses as it recognizes that the typical student stereotype is someone that is always busy hasnt got time to wait around and is pretty skink most of the time, what better place to locate popular bakery that has cheap products than in an area that is predominantly student and work orientated with lots of people wanting the products on offer. Gregg also has a foundation set up with a hardship fund, this helps there consumer perception as they allow people to apply for household appliances if they cannot afford to buy them due to poverty. The hardship fund operates in the four counties of Northeast England and has been running since 1993 and has so far given around E million to people in poverty in the Northeast. Having things like this showing people that Gregg Ares will predominantly boost sales as it helps their social status and people will know that Gregg helps people in poverty with its profits and as a result of this people may be more willing to purchase Gregg products. Technologically Gregg has been affected with an increase in computer technology which has led to new advertising campaigns, as well as Gregg advertising with billboards and television adverts etc. Hey now also advertise on the internet through their easy to use website and not only are their advertising techniques improving with technology but their checkout ermines are improving too with new compactness technology being implemented in stores which enables bank cards with this technology to just be tapped against the terminal and the payment will be made, this has been implemented to cut down on queues at peak trading times to keep the customers happy so they are not waiting around for ages. Gregg also benefited through some free advertising on the 20/6/2011 with a newspaper having the headline queen has Gregg cater for dinner party with 8000 big name guests, this will no doubt have boosted Gregg sales With royalists hinging if its good enough for the queen its good enough for us so this will have led to an increase in profits. Gregg has plans to open up 600 more stores in the UK to help boost profits by having more stores in areas that do not currently have Gregg stores to tap into new customer pools to generate a larger customer base. Along with the plans for expansion in size are plans to expand into new areas such as frozen food with Gregg planning to create branded frozen foods such as sausage rolls to be sold the Iceland food store chain. This will help Gregg also tap into new markets as they have never before been involved with frozen food sales and this offers great scope for expansion. Gregg is affected legally though hygiene laws and requirements such as the HACK food hygiene regulations guarding against food poisoning. This prevents Gregg from being unhygienic and posing a risk to consumers. Gregg must also abide by the data protection act 1998 as it takes customer information for storage etc. It must not distribute this to third party groups or do anything else with it without the persons permission. Gregg is also legally required to pay the national minimum wage to its employees. When laws are eased in regards to bakeries etc. Gregg must accept them and work within the law or face the risk of prosecution, court cases and potential fines or store closures. Like all businesses Gregg knows that people are getting more environmentally friendly and as a result are striving to be more CEO environmentally friendly themselves, trying to work upon the reduce, reuse and recycle principle. Gregg is trying to reduce landfill waste, recycle what it can and reuse what it can in order to cut down on pollution. Gregg is also offering some of its unsold food to charities in order to try and give people he chance to have food if they cannot afford it or if they are homeless. Gregg are not handing out free carrier bags to everybody now as well unless people ask for one if they have a lot of stuff they wont get one. Also on Gregg paper bags it says keep Britain tidy which shows that it wants the customers to put the packaging in the bin or recycle it if possible. Paper is also bio degradable so will rot away so will not damage the environment as much as plastic will. Gregg knows that it needs a good consumer perception and as a result throughout the different environmental forces affecting the inning of the business Gregg has stayed focused on this aspect with focus on charities and the Gregg foundation along with the breakfast clubs. Gregg is an ethical company with interests to help the people in need of it and trying to reduce its carbon footprint whilst offering tasty, reasonably priced foods. Gregg is not really threatened by the changing environment as it is still making a profit which is getting bigger every year it is more prompted to do things slightly different for example the packaging and not giving out free plastic bags to everyone. As a result of my PESTLE analysis have formulated n Insofar matrix to help formulate an idea for Gregg to respond to and prosper in its changing environment. For market penetration I thought of new advertising campaigns advertising new applications for android and tablet technology such as the pad which will give users details of where the nearest Gregg store is and what deals are on in the store along with prices. This brings me onto my next idea for market penetration, with the UK being in a financial crisis if prices are slightly lower or there are offers on for multiple purchases this could increase the sales and ultimately the profits if here is say a 2 for El . 0 on app pasties this will no doubt increase the number of sales as people like to think they are getting a bargain. For market development came up with the idea of new stores in other areas that do not currently have Gregg possibly because of a smaller population, this could gain Gregg a larger customer base. Also came up with the idea of focusing on expansion and opening more stores outside of the UK in order to globalize Gregg more so further expanding the customer base. My last idea for market development is to have Gregg stores on more university campuses tit student friendly deals on which would boost sales on products currently sold through Gregg. For product development I came up with the an idea for more pasties and sandwiches along with more varieties of hot drink potentially even a coffee bar inside the stores or in certain stores kind of like a mini Cataracts so there are a larger range of coffees so that people can call in and get a quick bite to eat and get a nice coffee in the same place rather than have to go to numerous places or just settle for a basic coffee. For diversification I came up with an idea for frozen food, as a kind of expansion o Gregg plans to sell frozen sausage rolls in Iceland stores and develop from there I thought Gregg could sell part baked frozen breads in store for customers that potentially want bread but not straight away for example if they are having a dinner party and are preparing a week in advance or so they could buy them put them in the freezer and are then able to bake them prior to the event starting so the bread is still warm. I also thought Gregg could allocate a cake maker to larger stores so they could receive orders for cakes for special occasions and make cakes to specifications of the customer or example special birthday cakes or a cake for a wake after a funeral. The idea I think Gregg should take on to prosper in the changing environment is simply market penetration, I believe they would benefit from an application for android or tablet technology which would inform potential customers where the nearest Gregg store is and the deals they have on. Also new television advertising campaigns advertising the application and the deals that are on in store would increase the number of potential customers entering the stores. Having lower prices or better promotions on products will cost profits as more people will be willing to buy more than one thing so will increase their basket spend, this would mean that potentially a El visit to the store could turn into a E visit with the right promotions in store and advertised well. Due to the current financial crisis and talk of double dip recessions believe this would help Gregg continue to make profits in tough times and potentially make profits soar higher. By lowering prices and having better promotions it eliminates the risk of being undercut by smaller bakeries as they will not be able to afford to undercut the prices of Gregg as they will et less customers and if Gregg a more reputable bakery is cheaper they will struggle to generate as many sales. Also new technology and advertising campaigns could increase the size of the customer base with potentially more people hearing about the deals and knowing where their nearest store will be. Smaller bakeries will not be able to afford extra advertising to this scale or the increase in technology to hire someone to create applications. This would also see off threats from supermarkets with bakeries as Gregg would stay market leader for bakery products in the UK and it would give them the scope o develop further.

Negotiation skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Negotiation skill - Essay Example The events that unfold in the incident begins in 1976 when Thomas K Seligman, the then curator-in-charge of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas for the museum, is informed about the bequeathing. He is shown Mr Wagner’s handwritten will stated that the deceased ‘hoped’ that the museum would pay all costs for settling his estate in return for the priceless murals. Mr Seligman is informed the museum’s lawyer said that this would give rise to certain ethical and legal problems with Mexico, the original source of the murals. A temporary solution was arrived at when Crocker Bank who was in charge of the assets of Mr Wagner and the other legatees agreed that the murals may be kept in the museum until a more permanent solution was arrived at. What follows next is an example of successful international negotiation that was to last for the next ten years. The problem referred to by the lawyer came about because in 1972, four years before the incident, the UNESCO had passed the â€Å"Convention on the. Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property." Its implications were relevant here because it was not sure whether the murals had been on American soil with the permission of the Mexican Government. This was further complicated by a treaty between the Mexican and US Governments called the â€Å"Treaty of Cooperation Providing for the Recovery and Return of Stolen Archaeological, Historical and Cultural Properties between the United States of America and the United Mexican States." The treaty gives special mention to wall art and there is no doubt as to the fact that murals are classified as wall art. Lengthy discussions were done with historians, other museum s and lawyers followed and what ultimately became clear was that no relevant precedents existed. One related incident involved a bronze of Nataraja that once belonged to a temple in South India

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of starting a business from Essay - 1

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of starting a business from scratch, franchises, and existing businesses - Essay Example s include the freedom to implement one’s ideas to a large extent, aligning the investment and resource mobilization with market conditions rather than committing to rigid plans, and ease of entry and exit with minimum dependence on outsiders (Longenecker et al, 2011, pp.104-133). Disadvantages include high risk of venture failure due to lack of previous experience, making a wrong choice of product/service, and longer time needed to achieve physical and financial goals. Outright purchasing of an existing business denotes a medium risk and gives assured customer base and revenues from the start. This advantage is diluted if the unit has poor reputation for quality or ethical practices. While the experienced staff is an advantage, if there are unresolved industrial relations problems, the new owner has to solve them, which is not always easy. Also, it may not always be possible to identify hidden liabilities representing additional risks, which accrue to the new owner (ibid.). Taking out a franchise is a minimum risk option for new entrepreneurs since it provides the advantages of a new unit as well as a running business model. On the minus side, one has to depend on the parent company for all major decisions besides committing to pay initial fees and royalties. Profitability is reduced as a result of these limitations. One of IFA’s best features is the listing of several franchise options, complete with the preliminary information for analysis, negotiations and decision making. I have considered the option of Expedia ®CruiseShip Sales Center Franchise from IFA’s website for analysis (Franchise opportunities, IFA, 2012). This is an established company with a strong brand image and 150 franchises. With an initial investment of $9500 and total investment of up to $20,000, this business is within my reach (ExpediaFranchise, 2012). The business is related to travel and vacation for which the demand has always been good. Further, a franchisee can start operations

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet Lab Report

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet - Lab Report Example 7.3 Repeat the procedure for x=10D 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. 8 Analysis 8.1 Replot small versions of the three v, y curves on a plan view, identify and label (i) the edge of the jet (ii) the core, in which the air velocity is v0 (iii) the mixing region, where v is less than v0 8.2 From the plan view measure the divergence angle of the jet 8.3 Plot the centerline velocity distribution 8.4 Calculate q0, the volume flow rate leaving the nozzle, in m3s-3. It reasonable to assume that v0 is constant in the nozzle exit plane. 8.5 Calculate q10, the volume flow rate at x = 10D. In this case the air velocity is not constant thus it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate. 9. Results of the air jet experiment: Air Jet v distribution x=1D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0.875 22.225 20 0.87 22.098 40 0.875 22.225 60 0.875 22.225 80 0.86 21.884 100 0.8 20.32 150 0.61 15.494 200 0.44 11.176 250 0.24 6.096 300 0.24 6.096 350 0.18 4.572 400 0.145 3.683 450 0.11 2.794 Air Jet v distribution x=2D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0 0 10 0.01 2.254 15 0.09 2.286 20 0.51 12.954 25 0.84 21.336 30 0.84 21.336 35 0.795 20.193 40 0.765 19.431 45 0.48 12.192 50 0.12 3.048 55 0.05 1.27 60 0 0 Air Jet v distribution x=10D pitot position...However, in this experiment the error can be considered as negligible A fan supplies air to a nozzle, which can provide a circular uniform jet of air. The nozzle is 30 mm in diameter. The velocity distribution in the jet is measured using a pitot static tube. The Pitot-static tube can be traversed across the jet diameter and also across its length by sliding the support against a millimeter scale to record its position. The pitot static tube is connected to an inclined manometer. 7.2 Measure the air velocity at points along the horizontal diameter at x=2D. Plot the variation of v with y as you take your readings. Use your judgment over how many points you need, ensuring that you locate the endpoints at the edge of the jet 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. The pressure in the center of the jet is higher at the point of origin. The pressure stabilizes further away to the point of origin to match the surrounding pressure and hence the jet spreads out as it flows in order to reduce its density.

Ethnic Minorities in Oregon

Ethnic Minorities in Oregon According to the United States Census Bureau, â€Å"American Indian and Alaska Native alone consists of 1.8% of Oregon’s population, when white alone stands for 88% of Oregon’s population†. Not only is race and ethnicity a physical attribute of a person, but it is also different ways of seeing and understanding the world. Recently I had the privilege to interview my uncle, and his Native American past to get a better insight on his experiences with discrimination and rejection. Discrimination comes in many different forms, but overall it is when one excludes one from social participation based on their ethnic and cultural background. Our society has made tremendous progress when dealing with racial discrimination, but injustice still remains today. To provide you with a little background, Ray Castro grew up in Ashland Oregon were he lived in a shack with his mother until he was 15. They had no running water, no electricity, and no bathroom, â€Å"It was literally a storage shed on a couple of acres,† he proclaims. Their house was located on ten acres and was four miles off of any major road. He spent every night sleeping on the floor with a blanket and a sweatshirt as a pillow. Privacy was not an option, â€Å"if you had to crap you dig a hole†. When they needed to shower they would take one from a bucket that they had heated water previously on the gas stove. His high school diploma was the only education he received. At 15 his grandparents, which he calls nana and tata, took him under their wing and was kind enough to let them into their home with open arms. I asked if his father was ever in the picture he thought long and hard on the topic and with little effort he says that â€Å"he was a dead beat, I wouldnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t give him the satisfaction of even talking about him in this interview†. I respected his wishes and moved on to my next topic. At this point I felt like I was drilling him with questions that he was clearly not impressed with. When he reached high school his grandparents kept him busy with sports therefore he would stop getting into trouble. He wrestled throughout his entire high school career and worked sense he was in 7th grade. As you could imagine because of his living situations he grew up on government assistance as well as all medical insurance was provided by the Indian Clinic. Moving on to his later years in life, at the age of 19 Ray packed up his small bag that he had and was fortunate to move to California where he could work for the city of Roseville and city of Folsom California for about 7 years then was promoted to work at High Desert State Prison, which is a maximum security prison. After Desert, he was promoted to sergeant at Folsom State Prison with nothing but a high school diploma, but because he had so much experience and was dedicated to his job he has constantly pushed through the struggles to make it as far as he can in life. He now has been department of corrections at Folsom state prison for 15 years now. To spice up this exciting conversation I stopped drilling him with one-word questions. I asked him about his cultural background and with excitement in his voice he replied with â€Å" I’m Native American even says so on my birth certificate!† from the sound of his voice you could tell there was pride and honor behind his words. Knowing that he was Native American before the interview I did some research therefore I can figure out the questions that were important and satisfied my paper, because I showed interest in what he is most proud of he opened up. He told me he is apart of Blackfoot, which derived from the black-dyed moccasins that were worn by tribal members during the time of early contact with non-Indians, hints where they get their name. I stated, â€Å"From my research I know that the Blackfoot Indians consist of four different tribes, each tribe having their own tribal leader: The Blackfoot/ siksika, blood/kainai, Pikuni/Peigan, and the North Peigan Pikuni , which one were you apart of?† with impression in the tone of his voice he says, â€Å" wow I’m impressed, you’ve done your research, and to answer your question none, I was apart of Blackfoot and San Juan where I banded mission Indians.† During his time of membership with the Blackfoot tribe the roles that previously existed were mainly distinguished. Because they are losing population within their tribe their roles begin to decrease, but he did keep in touch with the Blackfoot culture by dancing in pow wows and continues to play the drums in performances, they have Indian superstitions, the house is decorated all in Indian items, and they continue to have celebrations at other cities of family members filled with cultural foods like fry bread. Keep in mind that Ray is 6 foot 4 inches weighting 300 pounds of solid muscle. As I sat there and stared at him I asked, â€Å"Have you personally ever been discriminated against because of your culture?† He laughed and asked if I was kidding. â€Å"I was born in a town where at the time the people of the town did not like Indians so they would always help white people before me in stores.† Which I find ridiculous! There’s one thing to discriminate against a culture, but a young kid is absurd. â€Å"During his childhood do you feel that your cultural background affected your thoughts, values, viewpoints, work life, and social experiences?† He claims that he wouldn’t change his childhood for the world. Even with the hardship and the buckets of water he had to shower in his cultural background taught him to view no one has evil, and honesty is the basis of leading an honorable life, that all people deserve respect whatever their age or rank. He asked me to close my eyes, and to think about this- â€Å"have you ever been in the mall and think, I could very well be the only person of my race (American Indian) out of a thousand people in this mall. That’s a crazy thought, but very possible. This thought crosses my mind everyday, every time I step into a large population of people.† This amazes me because I have never had to experience this. Never once have these feeling crosses my mind. I have in situations where I haven’t felt included but that’s more than a feeling of one not being included, it’s a feeling of hatred. In this day in age I do believe that racism still does exist but the media blows it out of proportion. This is probably because this is one of our main communication sources. He is a firm believer that media enhances the small problems we have. It’s all-negative, the first thing you hear about is murder, rape, death, then negative views on our government. Many people call Native Americans Red Skins, which is suppose to be an insulting name toward their culture. Ray believes that Its just â€Å"some non-natives pushing the name change because they think it offends us, but it really doesn’t offend us which is the funny part†. I do believe that people constantly try and punish Native Americans due to the overzealous campaign that try to punish all Indians for the alleged offense of a few tribes. He informed me what offends natives is people who feel sorry for us; natives are strong prideful and patriotic people. More American Indian men have volunteered to fight in World War One, World War Two, and the Korean war than all other races combined. They are very prideful people who strive to come together to create a better union. In the minds of Native Americans they think that if ethnic people are claiming racism makes them unemployed or a criminal, its just an excuse to not work hard and they are weak minded people, no matter the race. They work hard and don’t want ones pity. They work for what they got and they truly believe that what they have is what they have worked hard for. Throughout this paper I realized that racism is still a big part of our culture today, and I truly believe that it’s always going to be a problem. As awful as that sounds, we can’t accept the fact that there are other types of hair color, skin color and beliefs. We will never all be the same, but we need to accept that and stop the discrimination. I learned so much from this opportunity and am so glad that I got the chance to learn more about Ray and what is most important to him.

Informatinn On Black Libraries :: essays research papers fc

Informatinn on Black Libraries Namibia Resource Centre Southern Africa Library The Library The library's collection of books focuses primarily on southern Africa and publications originating from the region. Its holdings of publications printed in Namibia since the early 1950s are probably the most extensive outside Africa. The collection contains publications in European and African languages and emphasises the social sciences and humanities. The rare-book collection of early accounts of European explorations covers the whole of sub-Saharan Africa. Special attention is being given to material documenting the history of the Swiss in Africa. The collection of periodicals includes both colonial and current titles, some of which are not to be found in other institutions in Switzerland. Current periodicals from southern Africa include newspapers, community newsletters, business bulletins and scientific journals. The collection of bibliographies is intended to cover all major geographic regions and subject issues concerning sub-Saharan Africa. They enable us to maintain the original purpose of the institution, i.e. to provide bibliographical information to researchers and others interested in Africa. The Archives The archival collection consists of several sections. One section primarily holds personal papers of individuals from Namibia and Switzerland. Another section consists of press cuttings and grey literature (pamphlets, reports, posters, etc.) from southern Africa and includes material from various Anti- Apartheid movements. Printed material concerning "SWAPO of Namibia" is regarded as extensive. In addition, a small collection of historical photographs from Namibia is being kept. The map collection contains 800 maps on Namibia, at present on loan to the Institute of Geography of the University of Basel. Reference guides on all archival holdings are available to researchers. The Publications Our own publications form part of our effort to promote knowledge and encourage research on Africa. Since 1971 more than 70 titles have been published, some of which are now considered to be standard texts on their subject. The series published by the BAB are: "Communications from the Basel Africa Bibliography" "Beitraege zur Afrikakunde" "Geomethodica" Reference guides on the archival holdings of the BAB. Occasional publications include dissertations, reprints, and working papers. Bibliophiles will find out second-hand bookshop particularly attractive. It has become a meeting point of people interested in Africa and a window ot the street inviting passers-by to come in, browse through the shelves and have a chat. Basler Afrika Bibliographien The Basler Afrika Bibliographien (BAB) houses the only Namibia Resource Centre in Europe and the only Southern Africa Library in Switzerland. Established in 1971 by Carl Schlettwein as a private research institution, it forms today part of a foundation whose aim it is to encourage research on Africa in general and

What Is Learners As Individual Education Essay

What is single scholars and what are they look like? To reply this inquiry, I need the significances given by many pedagogues. Howe other scholars can go the single scholars?In amount, I believe that the person who is to be educated is a societal person and that society is an organic brotherhood of persons. If we eliminate the societal factor from the kid we are left merely with an abstraction ; if we eliminate the single factor from society, we are left merely with an inert and exanimate mass. Education, hence, must get down with a psychological penetration into the kid ‘s capacities, involvements, and wonts ‘ John Dewey, from ‘My Pedagogic Creed ‘ , School Journal vol. 54, ( January 1897 ) , pp. 77-80 â€Å" An person is a individual or any specific object in a aggregation. In the fifteenth century and earlier, and besides today within the Fieldss of statistics and metaphysics, single means â€Å" indivisible † , typically depicting any numerically remarkable thing, but sometimes intending â€Å" a individual. † ( q.v. â€Å" The job of proper names † ) . From the 17th century on, single indicates separateness, as in individuality. Individuality is the province or quality of being an person ; a individual separate from other individuals and possessing his or her ain demands, ends, and desires. † Gracia, Jorge J. E. ( 1988 ) â€Å" Learner is an single involved in the acquisition of cognition or accomplishments in a technological acquisition system. â€Å" A A A Legendre, ( 2000:1 ) â€Å" It is non concerned with one specific method, but allows for any method which the person leaner finds good to his ‘ acquisition intents. † Fenner & A ; Newby ( 2000 ) I, from the significances given above, conclude that scholars as single is the acquisition styles that scholars seek to the new modern acquisition schemes and they can larn independent. This styles include with personality, intelligence, attitude and attitude. They merely acquire the unsmooth counsel from the instructor in the category and so they and convey it to be increased and link or incorporate with other Fieldss. These scholars have to frequently pattern themselves as it be their wonts. A learning manner is an person ‘s preferable manner of acquisition.What are Learning Styles?Before we deeply analyze into how to outdo advantages from doing your acquisition manner out, we need to pass a few minutes analyzing the several types of acquisition manners and how to outdo identify which larning manner group you appropiate into. Learning manners point to the discrepancy in your ability to accumulate every bit good as integrated information. Basically, your learning manner is the method that best allows you to derive and utilize cognition in a specific mode. Most experts agree that there are three basic larning manners. Each person may holds a individual manner or could possess a connection of different acquisition manners. In most instances, the personalities of a learning manner can even be noticed at a rather immature age. Once you have identified your peculiar learning manner you will be able to place ways in which you can accommodate the acquisition procedure and your surveies to maximise your instruction.Ocular LearnersPersons who fall into this type normally learn through what they are able to see with their ain eyes. Ocular scholars are those pupils who navigate for the places at the forepart of the category, must hold front row theatre seats and love to be right up forepart for featuring events in order to acquire the best position. Ocular scholars have a orientation to depict everything that they see in footings of exposures. These scholars love ocular medias such as exposures, diagrams, maps and graphs. They habitually are good authors and will normally execute rather good on written assignments.Auditory LearnersAuditory scholars are really good hearers. They tend to devour information in a more adept mode through sounds, music, treatments, instructions, etc. These persons will be more likely to enter lesson so that they can revision them at a ulterior clip for survey ends. They recognize books on tape and may happen that reading aloud will assist them to maintain information. Rather than written statement, audile scholars tend to make better on verbal presentations and studies.Kinesthetic LearnersKinesthetic scholars are haptic larning. This means that they learn best through traveling, making, moving out and touching. Undertakings that are acted in nature are best for kinaesthetic scholars. They tend to go thwarted when they must sit for long stages of clip. They enjoy deportment experiments, researching and carry throughing undertakings. These pupils are independent and seek for the losing cognition by themselves. They may hold features listed below ; TheyaˆÂ ¦ are able to interrupt up an organized ocular field and maintain portion of it separate. surpass at recovering names. conceive ocular cues and are better at math. prefer larning milieus that require least interaction. bask find acquisition and individualised self-paced acquisition. are more likely to be males.My Experience with the single scholars.I can much less fitting pupils like this in my schoolroom, for my being Thai traditional status instructor. Thailand has the specific cultural for the younger work forces have to show their regard to the senior 1s. My pupils gain cognition merely in the restriction of course of study and the direction I have given. The stuffs related to the individuality of single acquisition are besides lack. It may be caused by the hapless state and the status of environment that Thai pupils are the pupils in the developing country-that agencies have non been developed yet. However, I think this can be developed and changed by altering the crisis to go the opportunity. We can see assorted jobs and this is the opportunity to name and decide them. It ‘s the clip to take together between instructor and pupils. Individual scholars must dwell with personality, intelligence, psychological science and behaviour. All the facets must be cover together by recognizing the differences of single.Schemes to be scholars as singleThere are activities might steer the scholars to be independent and single. They can be flexible, non arranged in orders, depending on their preparedness and which status. There are 16 schemes shown here.Readiness / AbilityTeachers can utilize a assortment of rating to happen a pupil ‘s ability or preparedness. Besides, to larn new cognition constructs pupils may be by and large working below or above degree or may be strictly lack necessary required accomplishments. Changing the degree of question and thought accomplishments and packing the course of study andA are utile schemes for suiting differences in ability or preparedness.Adjusting QuestionsDuring big group treatment activities, instructors indicate the higher degree inquiries to the pupils who can cover them and adjust inquiries consequently for pupil with greater demands. All pupils are replying of import inquiries that demand them to believe but the inquiries are goaled towards the pupil ‘s ability or preparedness level.A With written test the instructor may delegate specific inquiries for each group of pupils. They all answer the same figure of inquiries but the engagement needed varies from group to group. However, the option to travel a parted from minimal demands can be available for any or all pupils who indicate that they require an extra challenge for ain their degree.Condensing CurriculumCondensing the course of study means measuring a pupils cognition, accomplishments and attitudes and supplying alternate activities for the pupil who has already mastered course of study content.A This can be accomplished by pre-testing basic constructs or utilizing public presentation appraisal methods. Students who demonstrate that they do non necessitate direction move on to tiered job work outing activities while others receive direction.Row AssignmentsRow activities are a series of related undertakings of changing complexness. All of these activitiesA relate to important apprehension and cardinal accompli shments that pupils need to acquire.A Teachers delegate the activities as alternate ways of accomplishing the same ends taking into history single pupil demands.Acceleration/DecelerationAccelerating or slowing the measure that pupils move through course of study is another manner of distinguishing instruction.A Students showing a high degree of competency can work through the course of study at a faster measure. Students confronting troubles may necessitate adjusted activities that allow for a slower measure in order to see success.Flexible GroupingAs pupil public presentation will transform it is of import to allow motion between groups.A Student ‘s preparedness varies depending on personal minds and involvements, so we must stay unfastened to the construct that a pupil may be below grade degree in one topic at the same clip as being above class degree in another subject.A Even extremely gifted pupils can profit from flexible grouping. Always they benefit from work with rational equals, while seldom in another group they can see being a leader. In either instance peer-teaching is a valuable scheme for group-work. APeer TeachingMany times a pupil may hold personal demands that require one-one direction that go beyond the demands of his or her spouses. After deriving this excess direction the pupil could be selected as the â€Å" inhabitant expert † for that construct or accomplishment and can acquire valuable pattern by being given the opportunity to re-teach the construct to equals. In these state of affairs both pupils can acquire benefit.ALearning Profiles/StylesAnother filter for delegating pupils to undertakings is by larning manner, such as adjusting preferable environment such as quiet, lower lighting, formal/casual seating, or larning mode: auditory ( learns best by hearing information ) visual ( learns best through seeing information in charts or images ) A or kinaesthetic penchants ( learns best by utilizing concrete illustrations, or may necessitate to travel about while larning ) or through personal involvements. Since pupil motive is besides a specific component in acquisition, understanding single acquisition manners and involvements will allow instructors to use right schemes for developing intrinsic motivational techniques.Student InterestInterest studies are frequently used for finding pupil involvement. Brainstorming for subtopics within a course of study construct and utilizing semantic web to research interesting facet of the construct is another effectual tool. This is besides an effectual manner of learning pupils how to concentrate on a manageable subtopic.Reading BuddiesThis scheme is peculiarly utile for younger pupils and/or pupils with reading obstruction. Children get extra pattern and experience reading off from the instructor as they develop eloquence and comprehension.A A It is of import that pupils read with a specific intent in head and so hold an chance to discourse what was read.A It is non indispensable for reading brothers to ever be at the same reading degree. Students with changing word acknowledgment, word analysis and comprehension accomplishments can assist each other be more successful. Adjusted follow up undertakings are besides assigned based on preparedness degree.Independent Study UndertakingsMugwump Study is a research undertaking where pupils larn how to develop the accomplishments for independent acquisition. The grade of aid and construction will change between pupils and depend on their ability to pull off thoughts, clip and creativeness. A accommodation of the independent survey is the brother study.ABuddy SurveiesA brother survey permits two or three pupils to work together on a undertaking. The outlook is that all may portion the research and analysis information but each pupil must consummate an single end product to show acquisition that has tak en topographic point and be answerable for their ain planning, clip direction and single achievement.Learning ContractsA acquisition contract is a written apprehension between instructor and pupil that will consequence in pupils working independently. The contract helps pupils to put day-to-day and hebdomadal work ends and develop direction accomplishments. It besides helps the instructor to maintain grounds of each pupil ‘s progress. The certain assignments will change harmonizing to personal pupil demands.Learning CentersLearning Centers have been used by instructors for a long clip and may incorporate both differentiated and mandatory activities. However a acquisition Centre is non needfully differentiated unless the activities are varied by trouble taking in to account different pupil ability and preparedness. It is of import that pupils understand what is expected of them at the acquisition Centre and are inspired to pull off their usage of clip. The grade of construction that is provided will change harmonizing to pupil independent work wonts. At the terminal of each hebdomad pupils should be able to account for their usage of clip.Anchoring ActivitiesA pupil can make these activities at any clip when they have completed present assignments or it can be assigned for a short period at the beginning of each category as pupils arrange themselves and fix for work. These activities may be related to specific demands or betterment chances, including jobs to work out or diaries to compose. They could besides be portion of a long-run undertaking that a pupil is working on. In decision, scholars as single is the 1 of methods encouraged the instructional advancement. The features defined the single scholars are given assorted by pedagogues. They can be added and developed or besides cut. These behaviours can be raise by the understanding of instructor and pupil. Learners as person is besides related to the research of many psychologists recognizing the single differences and it besides includes with the appraisal. We should assessment the pupils ‘ results by be cognizant of their single differences.Mention Beginningshypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles hypertext transfer protocol: //www.futureknowledge.org/background/the-perspective-of-the-individual-learner hypertext transfer protocol: //www.instructorweb.com/info/learnstyles.asp hypertext transfer protocol: //www.learning-styles-online.com/overview hypertext transfer protocol: //people.usd.edu/~ssanto/styles.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lsda.org.uk/files/PDF/1543.pdfhttp: //www.questia.com/Index.jsp hypertext transfer protocol: //www.saba.com/education/individual_learners.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tefl.net/esl-articles/learning-styles.htm Coffield, F. , Moseley, D. , Hall, E. , & A ; Ecclestone, K. ( 2004 ) . Learning manners and teaching method in post-16 acquisition: A systematic and critical reappraisal. www.LSRC.ac.uk: Learning and Skills Research Centre. Retrieved January 15, 2008: Keefe, J. W. ( 1979 ) Learning manner: An overview. In NASSP ‘s Student acquisition manners: Diagnosing and forbiding plans ( pp. 1-17 ) . Reston, VA. National Association of Secondary School Principles. Marzano, R. J. ( 1998 ) . A theory-based meta-analysis of research on direction. Mid-continent Regional Educational Laboratory, Aurora, CO. Merrill, D. ( 2000 ) . Instructional Strategies and Learning Styles: Which takes Precedence? In Robert Reiser and Jack Dempsey ( Eds. ) Trends and Issues in Instructional Technology. Prentice Hall. Hayman-Abello S.E. & A ; Warriner E.M. ( 2002 ) . Child clinical/pediatric physiological psychology: some recent progresss. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 309a?‘339. Stewart, K. L. , & A ; Felicetti, L. A. ( 1992 ) . Learning manners of selling big leagues. Educational Research Quarterly, 15 ( 2 ) , 15-23. Gracia, Jorge J. E. ( 1988 ) Individuality: An Essay on the Foundations of Metaphysics. State Univ. of New York Press.

Kent State Letter essays

Kent State Letter essays Describe your motivation for graduate study, your future professional goals, and your reasons for having selected Kent State University for graduate study. You are encouraged to identify any faculty with whom you have a particular interest in working. There are many who believe Star Trek was correct in saying Space is the final frontier. I disagree; I believe the final frontier is the immense depth and mystery of the human mind, with psychology acting as the medium for discovery. Psychology was always a fascinating subject to study, but not one I saw in my future. When I started college, I decided history was the line of study I wanted to pursue. I joined a historical research group directed by Dr. Mark Gradstaff at Brigham Young University. Under the direction of Dr. Grandstaff I researched the different portrayals of WWII GIs in propaganda and their resultant effects on the American citizenry. The research I was doing with Dr. Grandstaff was basically historical psychology. As my research continued I took psychology classes each semester and found myself more fascinated with each class and decided to make psychology my main focus of study. With this new drive and enthusiasm for psychology I did two things, first, I joined a psychological research group at BYU, directed by Dr Michael Lambert, and second, I did readings with Dr. Diane Spangler. With Dr. Lambert, I participated in many different projects including: finding definitions for the Dictionary of Psychology published by the American Psychological Association, and editing chapters for APA format and content in the Bergin s Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th Ed.). With Dr. Spangler I participated in discussions and was given recommendations to read magazine articles and such books as: M. Craskes book Anxiety Disorders and D. Barlows Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders (3rd Ed). ...

Essay on Family and Jing mei Identity

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Osteoporosisa - Essay Example As such, the cream will contribute remarkably in healing and prevent the spread of such controversial issue. It is from this undertaking that potential will be saved from long term dangers once they make use of the cream. Worth noting, this cream adds value to customers either affected or not affected. Although not all bones are movable, some bones like hip, shoulder, and others allow one to sit, move, and stand. Application of the cream allows for blood cell production since the bones remain healthy. This shows the value the cream adds to customers and boosts their ultimate feeling about health. Why this selection is critical is the importance of bones to the human body and survival. As previously stated, bones are crucial in human life. According to scientists, for a human being to be classified as normal, such person should have 206 bones, all which play a key role in the body. It is worth noting that human bones are not static and grow from time to time, during this growth, the cream will work positively towards ensuring that the health of such is guaranteed. Those with the belief that bones help to give the body is shape should understand that the role extends beyond that (37). With a brand that helps heal a critical disease and maintains the health of bones, every potential employer should note the impact I can add to the progress of their company. It is true that any disease associated to bones should be healed once noticed lest it becomes incurable and hence terminal. With this in mind, the employer must consider the reputation such a realization will add to their company from the speculative clients. Further, this is a cream that will go international making the company global. Lastly, with such a realization, it is possible to have other innovations as time goes

Personal journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Personal journal - Essay Example Over time, the regular bullying has shattered his confidence and he loathing in self-pity and slowly contempt begins to rise in him, right? Not only his actual social experience in the school good but his fake social experience in Facebook can also be a pain. When he sees people his age, his so-called friends enjoying their lives they deserve to, he feels bad about himself. The status messages of others pinch him and ultimately have a nagative impact on his mind. It makes sense, right? It seems that Facebook in a way is a breeder of competitiveness, jealousy and a forum of show-off. Facebook show-off-ers, people who change their status like a zillion times a day and post every teeny-tiny detail of their life online. If Facebook was actual world, such people would be holding large loudspeakers. But I guess we should look at the positives of Facebook, connecting friends and bringing people together like they did in Egypt and Morroco social media revolutions.

Identity Conflicts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Identity Conflicts - Research Paper Example The colorizing effect of the movie is considered as a â€Å"racial metaphor† (Johnson). This conflict has been resolved when people realize the essence of accepting changes, especially when it concerns multiculturalism. Man versus himself is also a conflict in the film, such as when Mary Sue grapples with a new identity. She resolves this when she accepts the new her- the â€Å"self† who wants to study and know more about the world. The conflict of â€Å"man versus society† arises, because of the conflict between the traditional Pleasantville values and new, radical values. The people resolve this by also accepting the existence of a new, pluralistic world. The film uses several symbolisms to depict internal and social changes. One of the symbols of internal change is the use of the mirror. During the hearing of Bud and Bill’s graffiti, the mayor becomes colorized. Betty throws her facial powder mirror to Bud and the mayor â€Å"sees† that he also c hanged. He has felt anger, which is an unpleasant emotion. Another symbol is the burning tree. This tree burns after Betty reaches her first sexual climax. The tree stands for the tree of knowledge, because Betty learns about sex for the first time. For Pleasantville, sex is a sin and when Betty sexually gratifies herself, she partakes in this sin. When the tree burned, she achieves freedom from the norms and the will to pursue individual changes. The rain with bolts of lightning symbolizes social changes. The storm acts to clean away the Pleasantville’s superficiality. It is ironic that the rain is washing away the â€Å"purity† of Pleasantville, which is also its impurity. After the rain, the teenagers all turned into color; because they felt what it is like to be free and to... This work helps the audience relate to the characters, because it depicts various gender, racial, and identity issues. Pleasantville conditions people to think and act as â€Å"one.† The lower classes in the film are the colored ones. A civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. The film shows, however, that this utopia is false. People should accept that they can change, as well as others too. Afterwards, while Pleasantville people are experiencing changes, combinations of black-and-white and colored are used. Ross employed framing to explain how people see themselves and others and how they relate to other people too. The editing and change of scenes hasten as Pleasantville â€Å"changes† increasingly. The diegetic sounds are used mostly for Pleasantville before the changes in the people. Non-diegetic sounds are more added, because of the impact of external changes on the people. Weber depicted a multicultural society, where people accept different forms of personalities. Pleasantville is also transformed to a multicultural identity. Pleasantville transforms from a single culture to a multicultural society, when people learn to accept social and individual changes as part of reality and human nature. The implicit content of the film is that people are not always ready to acknowledge and accept changes. â€Å"Pleasantville† underscores that people should learn to accept the existence of different, even conflicting, identities and cultures, because in reality, people are not black or white, since they also have their own individual and cultural identities. Ross questions traditional ideals that reinforce tyrannical control. It tells people that utopia is not utopia without free will.

Marks ; Spencer Group Anaylsis Essay Example for Free

Marks ; Spencer Group Anaylsis Essay Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 2 Marks and Spencer Group plc Company Overview COMPANY OVERVIEW Marks and Spencer Group (MS or the company) is one of the leading retailers of clothing, foods and homeware in the UK. The company operates in more than 40 countries across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It is headquar tered in London, the UK and employs 78,169 people. The company recorded revenues of ? 9,740. 3 million (approximately $15,158. 8 million) in the financial year ended April 2011 (FY2011)*, an increase of 2. 1% over FY2010. The operating profit of MS was ? 836. million (approximately $1,302. 5 million) in FY2011, a decrease of 1. 8% compared to FY2010. The net profit was ? 612 million (approximately $952. 5 million) in FY2011, an increase of 16. 3% over FY2010. *The financial year ended April 2, 2011 was a 52-week period whereas the financial year ended April 3, 2010 was a 53-week period. KEY FACTS Head Office Marks and Spencer Group plc Waterside House 35 Nor th Wharf Road London W2 1NW GBR Phone 44 20 7935 4422 Fax Web Address http://www. marksandspencer. com Revenue / turnover 9,740. 3 (GBP Mn) Financial Year End April Employees 78,169 London Ticker MKS Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 3 Marks and Spencer Group plc Business Description BUSINESS DESCRIPTION MS is the holding company of the Marks Spencer Group of companies. The company is one of the UK’s leading retailers, with more than 21 million people visiting its stores each week. MS offers clothing and home products, as well as foods, sourced from about 2,000 suppliers globally. It operates through both wholly owned stores and franchise stores. As of FY2011, the company operated 703 stores in the UK. MS operates over 361 owned and franchised stores in over 42 territories. Though the company primarily repor ts its revenues in terms of geographic segments (UK and international), its operations can be categorized under two divisions: food and general merchandise. The food division concentrates on four main areas: fresh, natural, healthy food; special celebration products; authentic ready meal ranges; and exceptional ever yday food such as Oakham chicken. It operates a chain of 163 Simply Food owned stores and 202 Simply Food franchise stores in high streets, motorway service stations, railway stations and air por ts in the UK. The general merchandise division of the company is categorized into two segments: clothing and home. The clothing segment offers womens wear, mens wear, lingerie, childrens wear, and accessories and footwear. Some of the prominent brands offered by this segment include Autograph, Limited Collection, Collezione, Blue Harbour, Girls Boutique, Per Una, Ceriso, Adored, and Truly you. The home segment offers homeware and home accessories, kitchen and tableware, lighting, and furniture products. In addition to selling products through regular stores, the segment also offers catalogue services. M;S offers its products and services online as well as through flagship stores, high street stores, retail park stores, M;S outlets, Simply Food stores, and Simply Food franchised stores. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 4 Marks and Spencer Group plc History HISTORY M;S was founded in 1884 as a stall in an open market in Leeds, the UK. Then known as Marks Penny Bazaar, it was the household goods, haberdasher y, toy, and sheet-music business of Michael Marks, a Jewish refugee from Poland. In 1894, he took Thomas Spencer as a business par tner. In 1903, MS was registered as a private limited company. Although a clothing design depar tment had first been set up in 1938, it was not until after the Second World War that it became fully developed under a leading designer. In 1973, the company entered Canada, and bought Peoples Depar tment Stores and DAllairds, a national womens wear retailer, both of which it later sold. The company also had direct retailing investments in Canada. It tried to move south of the border in 1988 with the purchase of Brooks Brothers, but the US operation never took off as the company had hoped. Five franchised stores were closed down in Turkey in 1999 when the franchise par tner Turk Petrol Holding couldnt meet its bank obligations and collapsed. Later in the year, Marks and Spencer Canada, after 25 years of business, closed its 38 stores. The company sold its US clothing chain Brooks Brothers for $225 million in 2001. In 2003, MS announced the launch of its more credit card. Alongside this, Marks Spencer Financial Services was re-branded Marks Spencer Money. In 2004, MS completed the sale of Marks Spencer Retail Financial Services Holdings (MS Money) to HSBC. During the course of 2005, the company opened 31 Simply Food stores as well as closed the Lifestore project in the UK. MS expanded the Simply Food format with the acquisition of 28 stores on a leasehold basis from Iceland Foods for a consideration of ? 38 million (approximately $76. 3 million) in 2006. In the same year, MS sold Kings Super Markets, its only non-MS branded business to a US investor group consisting of Angelo, Gordon Co, MTN Capital Par tners and Mr. Bruce Weitz for $61. 5 million in cash. In 2007, MS and two of its long-term suppliers decided to star t the development of MS first eco-factories, pioneering innovative methods of sustainable manufacturing. One factor y in Sri Lanka would make lingerie and two factories in Nor th Wales would manufacture furniture upholster y. In the same year, the company launched its own branded LCD widescreen TVs. This range was in addition to the existing collection of Sony TVs currently available at M;S. Fur ther in the year, M;S launched school wear made from recycled plastic bottles. The companys first standalone home store in Lisburn, Nor thern Ireland was launched in 2007. In the same year, MS launched Big Tall, an exclusive online mens wear offering more than 450 items online ranging from tailoring to knitwear to casual shir ts and trousers. Also in 2007, M;S reduced saturated fat level as much as 82% in more than 500 companys products. The company reduced saturated fat levels in products including sandwiches, ready meals, crisps and savor y snacks. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 5 Marks and Spencer Group plc History Towards the end of 2007, a new Made to Measure shir ts ser vice was launched by MS, which allowed customers to design a tailor-made shir t within 21 days. The company added new products to its mens wear por tfolio in FY2008. M;S also launched climate control underwear featuring temperature regulating technology developed by NASA, expanded Collezione brand collection by introducing new shoes, wool and cashmere mix trousers. M;S reinvigorated its Blue Harbour brand to attract 35 to 44 year old men. Also in FY2008, the company star ted to freeze its ready meals for international sale and launched a range of 70 lines in eight countries. Later, the company also launched a 25-piece capsule collection called GD25 from Per Una. In 2008, M;S removed ar tificial colors and flavorings from its entire food and soft drinks range. In the same year, the company improved the quantity of space in a number of major out of towns and city centre stores through store extensions and also added 35 stores to its Simply Food por tfolio, including 25 BP franchised stores. A new flagship store in new Westfield Centre at White City, West London was opened at the end of 2008. To fur ther progress in Asian markets, the company opened its first 38,000 square feet store in Shanghai. M;S then entered into a par tnership with Scottish and Southern Energy, as per which M;S Energy would supply electricity and gas to domestic customers and reward them with M;S store vouchers for helping the environment by reducing their energy usage. M;S announced plans to close 10 of its Simply Food stores in 2009. The company opened Food to Go outlets in Hong Kong in the same year. Also in 2009, M;S announced plans to enter new categories in the Indian market, with the launch of luggage and footwear for men. The company introduced a Ramadan and Eid fashion collection in all the 13 stores throughout the Middle East in the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman in 2009. Fur ther in the year, M;S launched personalized greetings cards business online. The company also announced to open its second mainland store in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province in southern China. M;S also launched a beer and cider range to complement its wine selection. M;S launched a revamped version of its website in 2009, the first major update since 2007. Fur thermore, in 2009, the company began to offer its online international deliver y service to 73 more countries as par t of a drive to grow annual sales of M;S Direct. The company began its offering within the homeware sector in 2009. M;S announced plans to open a store in Marbella, Spain by the end of 2009. In the same year, M;S and India-based Reliance Retail planned to open approximately 50 stores in India in the following five years under the banner of their joint venture company Marks ; Spencer Reliance India. Later in the year, the company outlined plans to cut costs by ? 50 million (about $150 million) by optimizing its supply chain and IT systems. M;S also announced plans to open a new store at the Swords Pavilions shopping center in the Dublin Airpor t, Ireland, in 2009. The company opened its new 22,000 square feet store at Morpeths Sanderson Arcade in the same year. MS decided to launch Simply Food in Western Europe. Fur ther in 2009, the company announced plans to sell a selected range of around 400 branded grocery and household products in all of its UK stores, following a 16-month trial in its stores in the Nor th East and South East of England. In 2010, MS launched a new Home Energy Service division that would offer customers a suite of energy efficiency products and services. Building on the success of MS Energy, which was servicing Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 6 Marks and Spencer Group plc History over 125,000 homes, the company would roll-out a number of new products including bespoke energy advice, renewable energy solutions such as solar panels and heat pumps, and energy efficient heating solutions. In the same year, MS announced a program to be the worlds most sustainable retailer by 2015, launching 80 major new commitments under M;S eco and ethical plan, Plan A. The new commitments will mean that the company ensures all MS products become Plan A products with at least one sustainable quality. This program will also enable the companys 2,000 suppliers to adopt Plan A best practice and encourage M;S customers and employees to live greener lifestyles. Fur ther in 2010, M;S launched a new version of www. marksandspencer. om designed specifically for use on mobile phones and mobile devices—the first mobile site from a major UK high street retailer. Through this, the company aims to expand its multi-channel offering. During the same year, M;S launched England Football team suit exclusively in M;S stores, to take advantage of the football World cup spending. The company opened its new 1. 1 million square feet distribution centre at ProLogis Park Bradford in the UK in 2010. Thi s warehouse in the UK will serve all the companys stores with furniture products and store equipment. Later in 2010, MS launched a range of Solar PV and Solar Thermal water heating solutions. Fur thering the sustainability initiatives, the company also announced that it will use polyester made from recycled PET drinks bottles instead of virgin polymer to make more than 300 million clothing care labels a year. Towards the end of 2010, MS announced plans to move into rail distribution to reduce its carbon footprint. More than 300,000 general merchandise products per week would move from road to rail distribution. The company also opened a new shopping center in Vilnius, Lithuania at the end of year. In April 2011, MS opened its greenest ever store at Ecclesall Road in Sheffield. This is the first store of a number of new Sustainable Learning stores planned by the company as par t of its drive to become the worlds most sustainable major retailer by 2015. The company opened 20 stores in the UK during FY2011, including 17 Simply Foods. In international, M;S opened 49 new stores and closed 15 stores. During the same period, the company entered the Egyptian market with a 28,000 square feet store in the Dandy Mega Mall in Cairo. The company, in July 2011, launched a new iPad application for its investors. This application will provide investors with latest M;S financial news. In the following month, M;S signed a traceability deal with Historic Futures. As per the deal, Historic Futures will provide the company full traceability on ever y single clothing and home product it sells. M;S is the first major retailer to commit to full traceability for non-food products. In September 2011, M;S opened a new store at Westfield, Stratford City with the latest ‘Only at Your M;S innovations and customer experiences. In the following month, MS launched its new French website, http://www. marksandspencer. fr/, marking its first international transactional website. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 7 Marks and Spencer Group plc History The company, in November 2011, opened its new flagship store at 100 Avenue des Champs-elysees in Paris. MS, in February 2012, launched its outlet format on its website at www. marksandspencer. com/outlet. MS Outlet will permanently offer a selection of more than 1,300 quality MS clothing products with up to 40% off the regular high street and online prices. In the same month, the company recalled four products (Crispy Prawn Wonton, Crispy Vegetable Balls, Prawn Baguette Toast, and Prawn Siu Mai Selection) from its Chinese range due to mistake in ‘use by’ date. In March 2012, the company, announced plans to launch a new website for its Irish customers, http://www. marksandspencer. ie/. In April 2012, MS announced that it will accept secondhand clothes at UK outlets in order to recycle into other fabrics or reuse overseas by the Oxfam charity in an aim to cut waste. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 8 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employees KEY EMPLOYEES Name Job Title Board Marc Bolland Chief Executive Officer Executive Board 975000 GBP Alan Stewar t Chief Finance Officer Executive Board 550000 GBP Kate Bostock Executive Director, General Merchandise Executive Board 590000 GBP John Dixon Executive Director, Food Executive Board 540000 GBP Steven Sharp Executive Director, Marketing Executive Board 655000 GBP Laura Wade-Gery Executive Director, Multi-channel E-commerce Executive Board Amanda Mellor Group Secretar y and Head of Corporate Governance Executive Board Rober t Swannell Chairman of the Board Non Executive Board Vindi Banga Director Non Executive Board Miranda Cur tis Director Non Executive Board Jeremy Darroch Director Non Executive Board 85000 GBP Steven Holliday Director Non Executive Board 85000 GBP Mar tha Lane Fox Director Non Executive Board 70000 GBP Jan du Plessis Director Non Executive Board 70000 GBP Clem Constantine Director, Proper ty Senior Management Tanith Dodge Director, Human Resources Senior Management Dominic Fr y Director, Communications and Investor Relations Senior Management Jan Heere Director, International Senior Management Nayna McIntosh Director, Store Marketing and Design Senior Management Steve Rowe Director, Retail Senior Management Darrell Stein Director, Information Technology and Logistics Senior Management Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Compensation 450000 GBP Page 9 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies KEY EMPLOYEE BIOGRAPHIES Marc Bolland Board: Executive Board Job Title: Chief Executive Officer Since: 2010 Mr. Bolland has been the Chief Executive Officer at Marks and Spencer Group since 2010. Previously, he was the Chief Executive Officer at Morrisons Supermarkets from 2006 to 2010. Prior to this, Mr. Bolland worked at Heineken for 20 years in various management roles, including Executive Board member and Chief Operating Officer, and responsibility for operations and business development in the US, France, Italy, Spain, the Caribbean and Latin America. He also ser ves as a Director at Manpower. Alan Stewart Board: Executive Board Job Title: Chief Finance Officer Since: 2010 Mr. Stewar t has been the Chief Finance Officer at Marks and Spencer Group since 2010. Before joining the company, he was the Chief Financial Officer at AWAS, an aircraft leasing company. Mr. Stewar t spent 10 years at HSBC Investment Bank before joining Thomas Cook in 1996, where he held various senior roles, including Chief Executive at Thomas Cook UK. Mr. Stewar t joined WH Smith in 2005 as Group Finance Director. He also ser ved as a Non Executive Director at Games Workshop Group. Kate Bostock Board: Executive Board Job Title: Executive Director, General Merchandise Ms. Bostock is the Executive Director of General Merchandise at Marks and Spencer Group. She joined the company in 2004. Previously, Ms. Bostock was the Product Director for Childrenswear at Next from 1994. She also ser ved as the Product Director for the George brand covering all areas of clothing and footwear at Asda. John Dixon Board: Executive Board Job Title: Executive Director, Food Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 10 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies Since: 2009 Mr. Dixon has been the Executive Director of Food at Marks and Spencer Group since 2009. He joined the company as a Store Management Trainee. Mr. Dixon held various senior roles at the company for over 20 years, including Executive Assistant, Chief Executive, and Director of Home and MS Direct. Steven Sharp Board: Executive Board Job Title: Executive Director, Marketing Mr. Sharp is the Executive Director of Marketing at Marks and Spencer Group. He joined the company in 2004. Previously, Mr. Shar p served as the Marketing Director at Asda, the Bur ton Group, Booker, and Arcadia Group. Currently, he is a Non Executive Director at Adnams. Laura Wade-Gery Board: Executive Board Job Title: Executive Director, Multi-channel E-commerce Since: 2011 Ms. Wade-Gery has been the Executive Director of Multi-channel E-commerce at Marks and Spencer Group since 2011. Prior to this, she worked at Tesco and held a variety of senior roles, including Chief Executive Officer of Tesco. com and Tesco Direct. Ms. Wade-Ger y also held various roles at Gemini Consulting and Kleinwor t Benson. She has also been a Non Executive Director at Trinity Mirror since 2006. Amanda Mellor Board: Executive Board Job Title: Group Secretary and Head of Corporate Governance Ms. Mellor is the Group Secretary and Head of Cor porate Governance at Marks and Spencer Group. She joined the company in 2004 as the Head of Investor Relations. Ms. Mellor spent her early career in investment management at James Capel before becoming a Director within its Corporate Finance team. She then served at Rober t Fleming, Investment Banking prior to joining The Bur ton Group as the Director of Cor porate Relations and Investor Relations. Robert Swannell Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Chairman of the Board Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 11 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies Since: 2011 Mr. Swannell has been the Chairman of the Board at Marks and Spencer Group since 2011. He joined the company in 2010 as a Non Executive Director. Prior to this, Mr. Swannell was a Senior Independent Director at The British Land Company, and 3i Group. He spent over 30 years in investment banking at Schroders/Citigroup. Mr. Swannell was previously the Vice Chairman at Citi Europe and Co-Chairman at Citis European Investment Bank. Vindi Banga Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2011 Mr. Banga has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since 2011. He is currently a Par tner at Clayton Dubilier ; Rice, a private equity investment firm. Prior to this, Mr. Banga spent 33 years at Unilever, where he held several senior positions, including President of the Global Foods, Home and Personal Care businesses, and was a member of the Unilever Executive Board. He also serves as a Non Executive Director at Thomson Reuters and Maruti Suzuki India. Miranda Curtis Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2012 Ms. Cur tis has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since February 2012. She is currently the Chairman at Waterstones, and a Non Executive Director at Liber ty Global. Ms. Cur tis has also been a Non Executive Director at National Express Group since 2008. She also serves on the Boards of the Institute for Government, the Royal Shakespeare Company, and Camfed (the leading African girls’ education charity). Jeremy Darroch Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2006 Mr. Darroch has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since 2006. He also ser ves as the Chief Executive at British Sky Broadcasting. Previously, Mr. Darroch ser ved as the Chief Financial Officer at British Sky Broadcasting. Prior to this, he was the Group Finance Director and Retail Finance Director at Dixons Retail (formerly DSG International). Marks and Spencer Group plc MarketLine Page 12 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies Steven Holliday Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2004 Mr. Holliday has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since 2004. He is the Group Chief Executive Officer at National Grid. Prior to that, Mr. Holliday served as the Director of UK and Europe and was responsible for the UK Elect ricity and Gas businesses. He is also the Chairman of the UK Business Council for Sustainable Energy. Prior to joining National Grid, Mr. Holliday was an Executive Director at British Borneo Oil and Gas. Previously, he held several senior positions at Exxon Group. Martha Lane Fox Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2007 Ms. Fox has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since 2007. She is the UK’s Digital Champion, the Chairman of Race Online 2012, and a Non Executive Director at Channel 4 Television. Ms. Fox is founder and Chairman of Lucky Voice, and of her own grant-giving foundation, Antigone. She was co-founder of lastminute. com. Jan du Plessis Board: Non Executive Board Job Title: Director Since: 2008 Mr. du Plessis has been a Director at Marks and Spencer Group since 2008. He is the Chairman at Rio Tinto. Previously, Mr. du Plessis was the Chairman at British American Tobacco and a Non Executive Director at Lloyds Banking Group. He also ser ved as the Chairman at RHM from 2005 to 2007. Mr. du Plessis was previously the Group Finance Director at Richemont, a position he held until 2004. Clem Constantine Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Proper ty Mr. Constantine is the Director, Proper ty at Marks and Spencer Group. He joined the company in 2006. Mr. Constantine was appointed the Group Proper ty and Retail Planning Director at Arcadia Group in 1999. He was appointed to his first finance directorship in 1993, for the IS brand at the Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 13 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies Bur ton Group, and moved through several other finance directorships with variable responsibilities including systems and retail. Mr. Constantine was trained as a Char tered Accountant at Stoy Hayward, and joined Debenhams in 1989 as a Financial Analyst. Tanith Dodge Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Human Resources Since: 2008 Ms. Dodge has been the Director, Human Resources at Marks and Spencer Group since 2008. She was formerly the Group Human Resources Director at WH Smith since 2003. At WH Smith, Ms. Dodge was also responsible for Public Relations, Communications and Post Office Operations. Prior to this, she was the Senior Vice President Human Resources for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) at InterContinental Hotels Group. Ms. Dodge also served as the Human Resources Director at Diageos two business divisions. She was also the International Human Resources Manager at Prudential Corporation. Dominic Fry Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Communications and Investor Relations Mr. Fry is the Director, Communications and Investor Relations at Marks and Spencer Group. He joined the company in 2009. Prior to this, Mr. Fr y ser ved at Tulchan Communications. In 1996, he was appointed the Communications Director at J Sainsbury and ser ved in the same role at ScottishPower from 2000 to 2005. In 1989, Mr. Fr y became the Communications Director at ATT in the UK before moving from there to head up communications at the Channel Tunnel in the mid 90s. He star ted his career in 1982 working in PR consultancy at Traverse-Healy ; Regester and then Charles Barker. Jan Heere Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, International Since: 2011 Mr. Heere has been the Director, International at Marks and Spencer Group since 2011. He joined Inditex in 2002 where he held a several international roles, most recently as General Manager for Inditex Russia. During 2000–02, Mr. Heere held various senior management roles at Zara, Groupo Inmobiliario Lupaco, and Charanga. He began his career at Manpower in Spain in 1997. Nayna McIntosh Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 14 Marks and Spencer Group plc Key Employee Biographies Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Store Marketing and Design Ms. McIntosh is the Director, Store Marketing and Design at Marks and Spencer Group. She joined the company in 2005. Prior to this, Ms. McIntosh was par t of the Management Team that set up the per una brand in 2001. Previously, she served as the Sales and Marketing Director for the George brand at Asda stores. Before joining George, Ms. McIntosh was at Next for four years as a Divisional Executive for the South of England. Steve Rowe Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Retail Since: 2008 Mr. Rowe has been the Director, Retail at Marks and Spencer Group since 2008. He joined the company in 1989 and held a variety of positions in store management, having previously worked at Topshop as a Store Manager. Mr. Rowe joined Head Office in 1992 as a Merchandiser for Menswear. In 1998, he was promoted to Category Manager in the Furniture Depar tment. In 2001, Mr. Rowe led the team developing the Home Growth Strategy, working with McKinsey Consultants, and became Head of Home categories in 2003. He was promoted to the Director of Home a year later in 2004. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Rowe was also responsible for Beauty and New Business Development. Darrell Stein Board: Senior Management Job Title: Director, Information Technology and Logistics Mr. Stein is the Director, Information Technology and Logistics at Marks and Spencer Group. He has been working in IT for 17 years star ting his career at the company in 1990. Mr. Stein re-joined M;S in 2006 as the IT Director. From 2001 to 2006, he ser ved at Vodafone, becoming IT Director for Vodafone UK in 2004. Prior to this, Mr. Stein was Vodafones UK Network Director and Global IT Strategy and Architecture Director. From 1996 to 2001, he ser ved at Ernst Young, leading a number of major IT and Change Programmes in the financial services, retail and utility sectors. In 1994, Mr. Stein joined Mars as a Project Manager. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 15 Marks and Spencer Group plc Major Products and Services MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES MS is one of the leading retailers of clothing, foods and homeware in the UK. The companys key products and services include the following: Products: Womens wear Mens wear Lingerie Childrens wear Footwear Food and grocery items Homeware and home accessories Kitchen and tableware Lighting Furniture products Services: Credit cards Car, home, travel, and pet insurance Personal loans Brands: Autograph Limited Collection Collezione Blue Harbour Girls Boutique Per Una Ceriso Adored Truly you Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 16 Marks and Spencer Group plc Revenue Analysis REVENUE ANALYSIS Overview The company recorded revenues of ? 9,740. 3 million (approximately $15,158. 8 million) in FY2011, an increase of 2. 1% over FY2010. For FY2011, the UK, the companys largest geographic market, accounted for 89. 7% of the total revenues. M;S generates revenues through two business divisions: food (51. 5%% of the total revenues in FY2011), and general merchandise (48. 5%). Revenues by division* During FY2011, the food division recorded revenues of ? 4,499. 4 million (approximately $7,002. 4 million), an increase of 1. 9% over FY2010. The general merchandise division recorded revenues of ? 4,233. 6 million (approximately $6,588. 8 million) in FY2011, an increase of 2% over FY2010. *The revenue breakdown by division is only for the revenues from the UK market. Revenues by geography The UK, M;S largest geographical market, accounted for 89. % of the total revenues in FY2011. Revenues from the UK reached ? 8,733 million (approximately $13,591. 2 million) in FY2011, an increase of 1. 9% over FY2010. International operations accounted for 10. 3% of the total revenues in FY2011. Revenues from international operations reached ? 1,007. 3 million (approximately $1,567. 7 million) in FY2011, an increase of 4% over FY2010. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 17 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS MS is one of the leading retailers of clothing, foods and homeware in the UK. The company has expanded its food product offering significantly in the recent years. New products launches, focus on expanding healthy products, promotions, and competitive prices are all helping the company attract customers in a highly competitive market. However, surge in shoplifting could negatively impact the cost structure for MS. Strengths Weaknesses Expanding food offering Strong market position in the clothing segment Geographical expansion to increase the addressable market and reduce vulnerability to mature UK market MS etched a highly effective CSR strategy MS legacy stores and systems are a ompetitive disadvantage Declining general merchandise division sales due to inadequate stocking Opportunities Threats Online channel continues to boom and will enable MS to boost revenues Focus on China and India can lead to expansion in two of the fastest growing markets Surge in shoplifting losses costs the retailers and customers Weak consumer spending in the UK Rising labor cost in the UK Strengths Expanded food offering The company has expanded its food product offering significantly in the recent years. In 2009, MS consistently highlighted it is cheaper than Waitrose on a basket of 1,200 items by about 2%. The company, in 2009, decided to invest in its margins in order to provide its customers better value. As a result of this, MS saw improved perceptions of value by its customers. The company, in FY2011, launched around 1,800 new products in food and positioned itself as the UK’s leading high quality food retailer. The key product launches of the company include Taste Italia, and Made Without Wheat range of gluten-free bread and cakes, With the success of Made Without Wheat product range, the company launched gluten-free sandwiches, sausages, stuffing, and crisp bakes. As of FY2011, the company offered 125 gluten-free products. MS also became the UK’s second largest favorite health food brand with the launch of its Simply Fuller Longer range which encourages customers to manage their weight with a menu plan. The gross margin of food division increased by 20 basis points to Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 18 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis 30. 8% in FY2011. This was mainly driven by better management of promotions and waste. Fur ther, in the four th quar ter of FY2012 ended March 2012, MS launched 500 new products in the food division. The sales in this quar ter increased by 3. 1%, The company’s promotions such as roast dinner for ? 5 ($7. 8), Dine In, etc offered its customers with great value solutions for special occasions. MS’ food division has been performing well in a ver y competitive market and against tough competitors. By launching innovative products and with an expanded food offering, the company has been able to attract the customers in a highly competitive market. Strong market position in the clothing segment MS has a strong market position in the clothing segment. With more than one in 10 clothing items bought from MS, the company ranks amongst the three largest clothing retailers in the UK. According to a repor t released by Verdict (Datamonitors retail arm) in May 2012, M;S is known for its product quality. The company was ranked first with a score of 49 for its product quality above the market average of 23. According to another repor t released by Verdict in April 2012, M;S enjoys highest conversion rate of 50. 7% and is very successful in conver ting visitors to loyal main users through its varied product offer, in-store service and garment quality. This indicates that M;S is a trustwor thy brand, which all main users would return to knowing that the quality, fit, and ser vice are reliable and consistent. The retailer has recognized that its core market of predominantly mature customers has been especially hard hit by rising core costs of living, falling interest on savings and worse prospects for pensions, and in reaction has lowered its entr y prices to compete more effectively with high street/value operators and supermarkets, helping to maintain the loyalty of its main users and prevent them from shopping elsewhere. Verdict, in its repor t in March 2012, ranked, M;S seventh in the global depar tment store market with a share of 3. 2%. This market leadership enabled M;S to excel throughout the economic downturn, while other mid-market retailers are pressured from the ever expanding value players. Leading market position indicates access to a large customer base and also popularity of M;S offering in the clothing segment. Going forward, this market position would enable the company to drive revenues as consumer spending recovers. Geographical expansion to increase the addressable market and reduce vulnerability to mature UK market With a por tfolio of over 361 owned and franchised stores in 42 territories MS continues to grow its international business. This mix of ownership models and countries enabled the company to perform well in FY2011, even when individual markets were weak. Fur ther, during FY2011, the company entered the Egyptian market with a 28,000 square feet store in the Dandy Mega Mall in Cairo. MS international business grew by 4% in FY2011 despite tough economic situation. As an established retailer in a mature market, it is going to be hard for M;S to continually deliver significant increases in UK sales. However, in the long run, its international business offers an oppor tunity for high growth. By generating much higher volumes, it can deliver margin benefits with suppliers. With production costs rising, this will be an advantage in the UK. International expansion will enable the company to access multiple sales points for most of the product ranges. This is especially relevant for clothing and homewares segments. Also, through expansion in the international markets M;S can reduce Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 19 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis vulnerability to mature UK market. The company can also par ticipate effectively in some of highest growing markets such as China and India. All these factors would enable the company to reduce the overall business risk and facilitate increased revenues. M;S etched a highly effective CSR strategy M;S has to its credit an effective corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. CSR has been gaining prominence not just among the stake holders and governments but the consumers as well. The company has the highest propor tion of consumers believing it to be a responsible retailer and this can largely be attributed to the success of its Plan A, a ? 200 million (approximately $320. 3 million) 100-point plan launched in 2007 with five areas of focus: climate change, fair par tnership, health, sustainable raw materials, and waste. In FY2011, the company included two more areas in its Plan A: involving customers, and making Plan A how we do business. In the last few years, initiatives launched under the Plan A banner include launching the companys first eco-store, encouraging suppliers to set-up eco-factories, removing hydrogenated fats from its ready meals, increasing the propor tion of organic food, reducing the salt content of its produce, cer tifying a larger percentage of its fish as originating from sustainable populations, and beginning to sell recycling and composting bins. It is the high profile presence of Plan A in adver tising campaigns, product labeling and store signage that gives MS one of the best consumer perceptions of a retailer for social responsibility. The campaign works not just as a direct to consumer channel, but also because of the positive coverage it creates. Perhaps more impor tantly, it has publicized all of these initiatives extensively. In 2008, MS launched a TV adver tising campaign focusing on its ethical, environmental and health-conscious credentials, highlighting that it only uses free range eggs and that its products are now free from ar tificial colors and flavorings. Other, more innovative, ideas have included a joint venture with Oxfam to promote the recycling of old clothes. In addition, more controversially, the retailer introduced a 5p charge for carrier bags at all of its food depar tments in 2008. Though many consumers resented this charge, it has undoubtedly boosted MS reputation as an ethical retailer. Overall, sculpting its CSR strategy into such a high publicity campaign, divided into such clear action points and highly visible benefits, has seen the company move to the forefront of responsible retailing. In FY2011, the company launched Indigo Green, its first range of clothing made using more sustainable fabrics. In April 2012, the company announced to accept secondhand clothes at all the UK outlets except Simply Food stores, to recycle them into other fabrics or to reuse them in order to cut waste. Plan A has seen CSR become core to M;S principles in the eyes of the consumer and it has reaped the benefits of this, gaining shoppers as a result and repor tedly saving more than ? 70 million (approximately $108. 9 million) in efficiencies gained in FY2011 compared with ? 50 million (approximately $77. 8 million) in FY2010. In addition, MS improved energy efficiency in its stores by 23% and warehouses by 24% in FY2011 compared to FY2007. It also improved the fuel efficiency of its deliver y fleets by 20% and total carbon emissions have been reduced by 13%. The company now recycles 94% of all the waste it generates from its stores, offices and warehouses. The total waste is down by more than a third. MS also met its sustainable standards by sourcing 90% of wild fish in FY2011 (62% in FY2010) and 76% of wood in FY2011 (72% in FY2010). Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 20 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis By actively promoting a products greener attributes (for example fewer, more recognizable and natural ingredients), retailers such as M;S have positioned products as improving ones personal environment while benefiting the global environment too. Many of their successes have come from emphasizing the former rather than the latter, especially as consumers often associate ethics with a sense of wellbeing. In terms of the issues that concern consumers, the sustainability of natural resources is a major fear, as are climate change and the fairness of sourcing arrangements. Consumers are also attracted to products with health benefits and there is a clear trend that consumers can be persuaded to par t with more money in return for products with a positive impact, not just to them personally, but also to wider society. Indeed, differentiating between products becomes harder and harder to achieve, Verdict expects consumers to turn to auxiliary considerations such as ethicality and sustainability to guide their choices. Consumers are no longer purely satisfied with how a product looks and functions; they want assurances over aspects such as nvironmental impact, hygiene, safety, and fairness. In light of the above mentioned trends where the customer choices are increasingly guided by the sustainability issues, MS will benefit due to its reputation of being a responsible retailer. Weaknesses MS legacy stores and systems are a competitive disadvantage MS suffers some competitive disadvantages compared to Tesco, which has been able to drive earnings before int erest and tax (EBIT) growth even in the mature UK market. Tesco benefits from supplier power and state-of-the-ar t IT, supply chain and systems compared with MS legacy systems. The supermarket retailer has been able to break up the demand cur ve with metro, express and big box store formats out of town and on the high street. Moreover, Tesco stores have been carefully designed with consistent store layouts in order to facilitate store navigation. Extra back room store space has also been allocated to allow for smooth execution of its picking and distribution model. Tesco sells both own label and branded goods (food and non-food) in a bid to drive up footfall and sales conversion. MS legacy stores are inconsistent in terms of layout. Store size tends to dictate product availability, while a lack of back room store space does not facilitate the same style supermarket pick and delivery model. The legacy systems and stores of MS are constraining effective servicing of customer demands on a consistent basis. This is placing the company at a clear competitive disadvantage compared to a formidable opponent, Tesco. Declining general merchandise division sales due to inadequate stocking The company’s general merchandise division sales declined in recent times, MS’ general merchandise division sales decreased by 2. % in the four th quar ter of FY2012 ended March 2012. This was mainly due to shor tage of stock in its stores, Due to this, the company was also not able to meet customer demand for 300,000 knitwear garments under the MS Woman label. It only sold Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 21 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis 100,000 knitwear garments during this period. Fur ther, in times of high demand, inadequate stock could hamper the sales of the division and result in loss of sales to competitors. This not only affects the revenues of the company but could also result in shift of customers to its competitors. Opportunities Online channel continues to boom and will enable MS to boost revenues Online retail sales in the UK have grown significantly over a period of time. According to Office for National Statistics, non-seasonally adjusted average weekly value for internet retail sales in the UK was ? 414 million (approximately $644. 3 million) in Februar y 2010, this increased to ? 573. 6 million (approximately $892. 7 million) in February 2012, representing an increase of 18%. Internet sales accounted for only 8% of the total retail sales (excluding fuel) in Februar y 2010. This figure increased to 10. 7% in February 2012. The growing desire for convenience is seeing shoppers buy more online, especially in the category of food and grocery. Consumers have also become savvier, using the internet more to get the best deal they can. Voucher codes, and cashback sites have been instrumental in this. Additionally, improved deliver y and fulfillment options have been encouraging consumers to shop more online. The company operates in the internet channel through MS Direct where the products are offered through website and newly launched Shop Your Way facility, a new ordering service that has been rolled-out in 444 stores (including 151 in Simply Foods stores) during FY2011, allowing customers to place orders either in stores, online or over the phone, for deliver y to either a nominated address or free of charge to their nearest store. MS Direct’s sales increased from ? 413 million (approximately $642. 8 million) in FY2010 to ? 543 million (approximately $845. million) in FY2011, an increase of 31. 5%. Fur ther, in the first half of FY2012, MS Direct’s sales increased by 11. 7% with more than three million visitors per week. Thus, by leveraging its online presence, MS can cater to the requirements of a growing number of customers who are looking for convenience and better deals over the internet. Focus on China and India can lead to expansion in two of the fastest growing mar kets China and India are two economies which are recording highest growth rates which, in turn, are expected to aid the retail market growth in these two countries. Asias retail sales are estimated to increase with China driving the growth. According to the preliminary estimation, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China was CNY47,156. 4 billion ($7,285. 7 billion) in 2011, a year-on-year increase of 9. 2% at comparable prices. The fast pace economic development in China coupled with the rise of the middle class income group and their increasing disposable income have fur ther pushed up the demand for several consumer goods. According to National Bureau of Statistics of China, the total retail sales reached CNY18,391. 9 billion (approximately $2,841. billion) in 2011, representing a year-on-year nominal growth rate of 17. 1%. Fur ther, according to industr y estimates, the countr ys total retail sales are expected to increase from approximately CNY20 trillion ($3 trillion) in 2012 to approximately CNY26 trillion ($4 trillion) in 2016, representing an increase of about 30%. Strong Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 22 Marks and Spe ncer Group plc SWOT Analysis underlying economic trends, population growth and the increasing wealth of individuals are key factors that contribute to the retail market expansion in China. The retail industry in India is large owing to a large population and is set to grow as several factors contribute. According to the industry sources, the retail sales in India are forecast to grow from around $411 billion in 2011 to $804 billion by 2015. The key factors behind the forecast growth include strong underlying economic growth, population expansion, increasing wealth of individuals and the rapid construction of organized retail infrastructure. Also, as middle and upper class consumer base expands, there will also be oppor tunities in Indias second and third-tier cities. The greater availability of personal credit and a growing vehicle population are to improve mobility which will also contribute to a trend towards retail sales growth. M;S is strengthening presence in India and China as par t of its geographic expansion and for some time to come, these countries would be the key contributors to the companys international expansion strategies. The company in with par tnership with Reliance Retail, an established retailer in India, can tap into this lucrative market while expansion in China also continues. Indian and Chinese markets would provide a huge potential revenue base for MS. Threats Surge in shoplifting losses costs the retailers and customers The UK retailers are exposed to increased costs of shoplifting. Shoplifting has assumed massive propor tions in recent times. According to industry estimates, retail crime costed UK stores ? 1. 4 billion ($2. 2 billion) in 2011. There are about two million thefts per year, which concludes to an average of more than one per minute. According to another industr y repor t, the thefts across the UK stores increased from ? 4. 2 million ($6. 5 million) in 2009 to ? 5. 1 million ($7. 9 million) in 2011, an increase of 20%. Long-term trends also show the figure is likely to continue rising. As a result, retailers have been increasing their surveillance spend. This is increasing the costs for retailers as well as for the end consumers. The shoplifting losses are adding to the costs for the retailers and the customers have also been bearing the brunt. The surge in shoplifting could negatively impact the cost structure for MS as well. Weak consumer spending in the UK The UK market is suffering from weak consumer spending. The European debt crisis added more downward pressure to the growth prospects of the UK. According to Eurostat, the UK economy grew by 0. 7% in 2011 and is expected to grow by 0. 5% in 2012. In addition, the UK has witnessed high unemployment rate. According to the Office of National Statistics, the unemployment rate for the three months period November 2011 to January 2012 was 8. 4% with 2. 67 million unemployed people in the UK. Increasing unemployment rate is expected to fur ther put pressure on the economy of the UK. High inflation, led by the increase in VAT to 20% and public spending cuts reduced disposable Marks and Spencer Group plc MarketLine Page 23 Marks and Spencer Group plc SWOT Analysis income, leading to a fall in consumer spending on discretionary items. Consumers have been cautious with their spending especially due to soaring petrol prices, tax increases and uncer tainty over jobs. The UK is the key market for MS. In FY2011, the UK accounted for 89. 7% of MS total revenues. Thus, the sluggish consumer spending and high unemployment rate in the UK could affect most of the non-food retailers and lead to reduced sales volume or shrinking profit margins. Rising labor cost in the UK Labor costs are rising in the UK. In recent times, tight labor markets, increased over time, government mandated increases in minimum wages and a higher propor tion of full-time employees are resulting in an increase in labor costs, which could materially impact the companys results of operation. The National Minimum Wage (NMW) Regulations came into force in 1999 and since then the NMW rates have been increased annually. The national minimum wage increased from ? 5. 93 per hour ($9. 23 per hour) in October 2010 to ? 6. 08 per hour ($9. 46 per hour) in October 2011. Fur ther, the national minimum wage is expected to increase to ? 6. 19 per hour (9. 63 per hour) from October 2012. In FY2011, MS employed 78,169 people. Increasing labor costs can adversely affect the companys operating costs as its wage bills would escalate. This, in turn, could impact its margins adversely. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 24 Marks and Spencer Group plc Top Competitors TOP COMPETITORS The following companies are the major competitors of Marks and Spencer Group plc ASDA Group Limited Debenhams plc H ; M Hennes ; Mauritz AB J Sainsbury plc NEXT plc Selfridges plc Tesco PLC Gap, Inc. , The French Connection Group Plc House of Fraser Group Plc John Lewis Par tnership plc Arcadia Group Limited Home Retail Group Plc Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 25 Marks and Spencer Group plc Company View COMPANY VIEW A statement by Rober t Swannell, the Chairman of the Board at Marks and Spencer Group, is given below. The statement has been taken from the company’s Annual Repor t for FY2011. I feel ver y privileged to be Chairman of this unique company and at such an exciting time in our evolution. Since joining Marks ; Spencer in October and assuming the role of Chairman in Januar y, I have spent much of my time getting to know the business better – meeting our employees, shareholders, customers and suppliers. I first became deeply involved with M;S during the unsolicited takeover attempt in 2004, when I led the advisory team that helped put the M;S case to its shareholders. It was then I learned first hand about this unique company: about the extraordinarily strong relationship it has with its many stakeholders and about its very special ethos. This ethos is a reflection of the high standards our customers expect from M;S – trusting us not only to deliver great value, great quality products but also to do the right thing – socially, environmentally and ethically. We know that putting Plan A at the hear t of how we do business is not just the right thing to do; it is also fundamental to our long-term success. Performance In a challenging marketplace M;S has continued to grow, with underlying profits up 12. 9% on the year. We delivered this by staying true to our heritage of quality and innovation, reminding our customers what makes M;S special. This year Marc Bolland set out a clear medium-term plan for the business, after extensive discussions with colleagues and us, the Board. This is covered in detail in Marc’s review. From day one, I have been struck by the passion and commitment of our people. I am delighted that this year we are paying a bonus to all employees to thank them for their energy and enthusiasm in what has been a difficult trading environment. Dividend We are committed to delivering consistent returns for our shareholders. To this end we have adopted a progressive dividend policy, with dividends broadly covered twice by earnings. We intend to pay a final dividend of 10. 8p per share (last year 9. 5p) in respect of the 2010/11 financial year. Governance Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 26 Marks and Spencer Group plc Company View This year we returned to the traditional governance structure of a separate Chairman and Chief Executive, providing clarity between Marc Bolland and me, with regard to our respective roles. Put simply, I run the Board and Marc runs the business. The Board has a wide range of responsibilities. There are three that I think are par ticularly impor tant for the success of the business: first, to debate and agree our strategy and hold the executive team accountable for its execution; second, to ensure that we have the most talented team to execute this strategy and that we plan effectively for succession; and third, to set the tone for governance, which is par ticularly impor tant at M;S where ‘doing the right thing’ is an integral par t of our ethos. My ob is to ensure the Board has the right mix of skills and talents and to ensure that it works effectively as a team towards shared goals with the right mix of enquir y and suppor t of the executive directors from the non-executive directors. During the year we commissioned a formal Board evaluation from an independent consultant, the findings of which are outlined in the Governance section. This process highligh ted the real enthusiasm of the directors in suppor ting a shared ambition: to guide M;S to the ver y best future. We know that you expect high standards from M;S; it’s our responsibility to learn how we can improve. This review was an impor tant par t of that journey. As stated in our 2009/10 Annual Repor t, we reviewed the senior remuneration structure this year. Following extensive shareholder consultation, we believe we now have a framework that is both relevant to today’s M;S and fully aligned with our strategy. The Board Over the last year the Board has been strengthened by a series of executive appointments. In May 2010 Marc Bolland joined the business as Chief Executive, assuming the day-to-day running of the business from Sir Stuar t Rose in July. In October Alan Stewar t joined as Chief Finance Officer and in February we announced the appointment of Laura Wade-Gery as Executive Director, Multi-channel E-commerce; she will join the Board in July. Whilst the Board features some new faces, these changes have taken place around a core of executive and non-executive directors that has remained stable over recent years. I would like to pay par ticular tribute to Sir Stuar t Rose. When he became Chief Executive in 2004, M;S was at a low ebb. He restored confidence in M;S, re-established its values and built a strong business. The solid platform from which Marc is now implementing his plan is a credit to Stuar t’s energy and tireless commitment to M;S over the last seven years. The smooth management transition – the meticulous handover to me and the suppor t of Marc – is also a credit to Stuar t. In that connection, I would also like to thank Sir David Michels, and the Nominations ; Governance Committee he led, for managing a change of leadership over the past year that was accomplished quietly and effectively. David has decided to step down from the Board at the end of his second term in February 2012, but I am delighted that he will continue his role as Deputy Chairman until then. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 27 Marks and Spencer Group plc Company View I must also thank Louise Patten for the significant contribution she has made over the last five years, playing an impor tant role in each of our Board Committees. As Louise reaches the end of her second three year term on the Board, she has decided not to seek re-election at the upcoming AGM. Looking ahead Our priorities for the year ahead are clear. We have a plan and it is now our collective job to make it happen. The Board will concentrate on delivering exemplary governance at the highest level to enable our executive team to drive this strategy forward. The economy still gives us reason to be cautious. Yet in difficult times, our core values of Quality, Value, Ser vice, Innovation and Trust matter more than ever to M;S customers. These values remain at the hear t of our strategy and I therefore look forward to the future with confidence. Marks and Spencer Group plc  © MarketLine Page 28 Marks and Spencer Group plc Locations and Subsidiaries LOCATIONS AND SUBSIDIARIES Head Office Marks and Spencer Group plc Waterside House 35 Nor th Wharf Road London W2 1NW GBR P:44 20 7935 4422 http://www. marksandspencer. com Other Locations and Subsidiaries Marks and Spencer International Holdings Limited Great Britain GBR Marks and Spencer (Nederland) BV NLD Marks and Spencer (Ireland) Limited IRL Marks and Spencer (Asia Pacific) Limited HKG Marks and Spencer Simply Foods Limited Great Britain GBR Marks and Spencer Marinopoulos Greece SA GRC Marks and Spencer SCM Limited